A catalytic cracking system in which liquid hydrocarbon and bio-oil are directed into a reactor riser of a fluid catalytic cracking unit by separate feed spray nozzle assemblies. To protect liquid bio-oil directed through the liquid bio-oil feed nozzle assembly from high temperature degradation, an insulating layer is provided between a central bio-oil feed tube in a concentrically surrounding atomizing gas passageway. Cooling channels also may be provided in the spray tip of the bio-oil feed nozzle assembly.

A compound of formula (1) as drawn in the description, wherein M is a Group 4 metal, one R is a silicon-containing organic solubilizing group, and the other R is a silicon-containing organic solubilizing group or a silicon-free organic solubilizing group. A method of synthesizing the compound (1). A solution of compound (1) in alkane solvent. A catalyst system comprising or made from compound (1) and an activator. A method of polymerizing an olefin monomer with the catalyst system.

A compound of formula (1) as drawn in the description, wherein M is a Group 4 metal, one R is a silicon-containing organic solubilizing group, and the other R is a silicon-containing organic solubilizing group or a silicon-free organic solubilizing group. A method of synthesizing the compound (1). A solution of compound (1) in alkane solvent. A catalyst system comprising or made from compound (1) and an activator. A method of polymerizing an olefin monomer with the catalyst system.

Disclosed are a process and a system for treating contaminated soil. The process includes introducing a contaminated soil to an agitation unit. Ozone is supplied to the agitation unit thereby forming a soil-gas mixture, and the soil-gas mixture is agitated for sufficient time for the ozone to contact the contaminants thereby forming an ozone-treated soil and a residual gas-particulates mixture. The ozone-treated soil and the residual gas-particulates mixture are removed from the agitation unit. If necessary, remaining ozone is then flushed from the soil. The process occurs under negative pressure to prevent ozone from being released to the atmosphere.

Disclosed are a process and a system for treating contaminated soil. The process includes introducing a contaminated soil to an agitation unit. Ozone is supplied to the agitation unit thereby forming a soil-gas mixture, and the soil-gas mixture is agitated for sufficient time for the ozone to contact the contaminants thereby forming an ozone-treated soil and a residual gas-particulates mixture. The ozone-treated soil and the residual gas-particulates mixture are removed from the agitation unit. If necessary, remaining ozone is then flushed from the soil. The process occurs under negative pressure to prevent ozone from being released to the atmosphere.

An apparatus for production of pulverulent poly(meth)acrylate, comprising a reactor or droplet polymerization, having an apparatus for dropletization of a monomer solution for the production of the poly(meth)acrylate, having holes through which the solution is dropletized, an addition point for a gas above the apparatus for dropletization, at least one gas withdrawal point on the periphery of the reactor and a fluidized bed. The outermost holes through which the solution is dropletized are positioned such that a droplet falling vertically downward falls into the fluidized bed and the hydraulic diameter at the level of the midpoint between the apparatus for dropletization and the gas withdrawal point is at least 10% greater than the hydraulic diameter of the fluidized bed.

An apparatus for production of pulverulent poly(meth)acrylate, comprising a reactor or droplet polymerization, having an apparatus for dropletization of a monomer solution for the production of the poly(meth)acrylate, having holes through which the solution is dropletized, an addition point for a gas above the apparatus for dropletization, at least one gas withdrawal point on the periphery of the reactor and a fluidized bed. The outermost holes through which the solution is dropletized are positioned such that a droplet falling vertically downward falls into the fluidized bed and the hydraulic diameter at the level of the midpoint between the apparatus for dropletization and the gas withdrawal point is at least 10% greater than the hydraulic diameter of the fluidized bed.

An object of the present invention is to prevent stress-corrosion cracking of a header (40) of a reactor. A reactor for producing trichlorosilane by causing metal silicon powder and a hydrogen chloride gas to react with each other includes a cooler (70), the cooler including a plurality of heat transfer medium pipes (30) and a header (40), the plurality of heat transfer medium pipes being provided in a fluid bed (60) inside the reactor, the header being provided in a freeboard section (50) inside the reactor, the header being comprised of a corrosion-resistant material.

An object of the present invention is to prevent stress-corrosion cracking of a header (40) of a reactor. A reactor for producing trichlorosilane by causing metal silicon powder and a hydrogen chloride gas to react with each other includes a cooler (70), the cooler including a plurality of heat transfer medium pipes (30) and a header (40), the plurality of heat transfer medium pipes being provided in a fluid bed (60) inside the reactor, the header being provided in a freeboard section (50) inside the reactor, the header being comprised of a corrosion-resistant material.

A two-stage reactor is disclosed for the conversion of solid particulate biomass material. The reactor is designed to maximize conversion of the solid biomass material, while limiting excess cracking of primary reaction products. The two-stage reactor comprises a first stage rector, in which solid biomass material is thermally pyrolyzed to primary reaction products. The primary reaction products are catalytically converted in a second stage reactor.