An apparatus, comprising a magnetically conductive conduit having a fluid entry port, a fluid impervious boundary wall and a fluid discharge port defining a fluid impervious flow path through the magnetically conductive conduit, at least one end of the conduit having a taper forming a planar surface extending from an outer to an inner surface; an electrical conductor comprising a length of an electrical conducting material having a first and second conductor lead, the electrical conductor coiled with at least one turn to form an uninterrupted coil of electrical conductor encircling a section of the outer surface of the magnetically conductive conduit; and an electrical power supply operably connected to at least one of the first and second conductor leads, wherein the at least one coiled electrical conductor is thereby energized to provide a magnetic field having lines of flux directed along a longitudinal axis of the magnetically conductive conduit.

The invention relates to a flow cell having a tube piece which extends along a longitudinal axis and within which a first electrode is coaxially arranged. The tube piece is formed by a first tube section and by a second tube section and by a second electrode which is arranged between the first and the second tube sections and which is circumferentially closed, so that its inner surface forms a part of the tube piece.

An amplification method for a metallurgical process includes the following steps: determining a general rate equation by a metallurgical macrokinetics research method, and determining the most critical technology steps which affect a reaction rate to obtain reaction characteristics; determining physical field characteristics of a reactor to optimize the reactor by a physical simulation method and/or a numerical simulation method; according to the reaction characteristics and the physical field characteristics of the reactor, determining a single factor of a reaction period; according to an affection relationship in a metallurgical reaction process, determining a single factor amplification number; and solving pilot-scale test results by a hot state experiment or a simulation means, verifying an amplification criterion, obtaining an amplification scheme, performing industrialization, and completing metallurgical process amplification.

A hydrogen generation device capable of generating hydrogen using an inexpensive material is provided. The hydrogen generation device includes: a water flow path unit through which a solution flows in from outside and exits; a hydrogen generation unit made of a metal, the hydrogen generation unit generating hydrogen by a reaction with the flowing-in solution; and a hydrogen collection unit for collecting the generated hydrogen, wherein the hydrogen generation unit is disposed so that friction with the flowing-in solution peels off a surface film of the metal to expose an active surface of the metal, the metal being the hydrogen generation unit itself.

A purpose of the present invention is to suppress reduction in recovery rate of a target component due to a gel adhering to an inner wall surface of a treatment liquid layer. After passing magnetic particles through a gel layer, when moving the magnetic particles in the treatment liquid layer adjacent to the gel layer, the magnetic force source is automatically operated in a longitudinal direction of a tubular container so that the magnetic particles do not enter a range of a certain distance from the gel layer through which the magnetic particles have passed.

The invention relates to a method for controlling a chemical reaction which creates a product, wherein at least one reactant that is present in a liquid phase is subjected to a pressure change.

Synthetic materials that are useful as heterogeneous catalysts or electrocatalysts. The materials can be used to catalyze oxidation and/or reduction reactions and/or oxygen/hydrogen evolution/oxydation reactions.

A device for magnetic field-assisted simulation of zero-microgravity flame synthesis of nanoparticles includes a gradient magnetic field device, a combustor and a product collection device. The gradient magnetic field device is composed of two magnetic field devices arranged face to face. The combustor is located between the two magnetic field devices. The outlet of the combustor is vertically upward. The position is below the magnetic field center of the gradient magnetic field device. The body force acting on the flame and surrounding magnetic species thereof by the gradient magnetic field device counteracts the gravitational buoyancy lift effect, so that flame synthesis is carried out under a simulated zero/microgravity flame to prepare the nanoparticles. The device is able to use a gradient magnetic field to simulate the zero/microgravity flame on the ground to synthesize the nanoparticles under special flame characteristics, with reduced flame disturbance, improved stability, and no overheated region.

The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods for reforming methane into hydrogen and a hydrocarbon fuel. In example embodiments, the methane reformer integrates a photocatalytic steam methane reforming (P-SMR) system with a subsequent photocatalytic dry methane reforming (P-DMR) system.

Methods and apparatus are disclosed for triggering an exothermic reaction under a high hydrogen loading rate. It is generally understood that a high hydrogen loading ratio is an important factor. The present application teaches that a high hydrogen loading rate, that is, achieving a high hydrogen loading ratio in a short period of time, is another important factor in determining whether excess heat can be observed in an exothermic reaction. The present application discloses methods and apparatus for achieving a high hydrogen loading rate in order to trigger an exothermic reaction.