A method can be utilized to startup into a normal operating state a steam reformer arrangement for the production of hydrogen, methanol, or ammonia. A plurality of burners that are coupled to at least one reactor having reformer tubes may be controlled and regulated. In particular, startup may be performed out and regulated in an automated manner by the burners ensuring normal operation, in particular non-startup burners, being ignited indirectly as a function of temperature by means of burners provided specifically for startup, in particular pilot burners and startup burners, as a function of automatically evaluated flame monitoring at least at the pilot burners. This method provides time savings and savings of outlay in terms of personnel and also high operational reliability.

A tubular reactor comprises a tubular shell, an external jacket, and a gas distribution device at the top of the shell, wherein at least one group of feed nozzles are distributed uniformly on the shell, each group comprising at least one phosgene nozzle and at least one diamine nozzle; a reaction material is sprayed through the nozzles and impinges with each other in a middle impingement zone to strengthen the reaction effect, the gas distribution device is arranged at the top of the shell and the upper part of the feed nozzle, and an inert medium distributed uniformly through the gas distribution device is refracted at the top of the shell into an impingement reaction zone, so as to reduce the temperature and concentration of the reaction zone.

A flow reactor includes a flow reactor module having a heat exchange fluid enclosure with an inner surface sealed against a surface of a process fluid module, the inner surface having two or more raised ridges crosswise to a heat exchange flow direction from an inflow port or location to an outflow port or location and having a gap of greater than 0.1 mm between the two or more raised ridges and the surface of the process module.

A support structure for a structured catalytic packing is disclosed. The support structure is in a fixed position relative to the reactor tube containing it. It supports catalyzed casings that are free to move relative to the support structure. The support structure and casings are inserted in the reactor tube such that the support structure is located proximate the longitudinal axis of the tube and the casings are located between the support structure and the reactor tube wall. The support structure comprises a central support tube or rod proximate to, and impervious or perforated discs perpendicular to, the longitudinal axis of the reactor tube, and may comprise spacers separating the discs.

There is provided a method for producing high-purity bromine pentafluoride while leaving a less amount of an unreacted fluorine gas. The method for producing bromine pentafluoride includes a reaction step of feeding a bromine-containing compound, which is at least one of a bromine gas and bromine trifluoride, and a fluorine gas to a reactor to give a (fluorine atom):(bromine atom) molar ratio, that is, F/Br of 3.0 or more and 4.7 or less and reacting the bromine-containing compound and the fluorine gas to each other to obtain a reaction mixture containing bromine pentafluoride and bromine trifluoride; and a separation step of separating bromine pentafluoride and bromine trifluoride in the reaction mixture from each other.

A process for polymerizing ethylene in a high-pressure polymerization system having a continuously operated polymerization reactor and a reactor blow down system having an emergency valve, a reactor blow down vessel containing an aqueous medium and a reactor blow down dump vessel, wherein the process includes the steps of monitoring the polymerization system for a disturbance, opening the emergency valve when a disturbance occurs to allow the content of the polymerization system to expand into the reactor blow down vessel, contacting the content of the polymerization system in the reactor blow down vessel with the aqueous medium to obtain an aqueous polymer slurry, separating the polymer slurry and gaseous components, and transferring the polymer slurry to the reactor blow down dump vessel.

Described herein is a reactor (1) includes: a first reaction volume (V1), a second reaction volume (V2), wherein: the first reaction volume (V1) is in fluid communication with an inlet port for an oxidizer agent (OX_IN), an inlet port for at least one first reactant (R1_IN) and an outlet port for at least one reaction product (P1_OUT), said second reaction volume (V2) is in fluid communication with an inlet port for at least one second reactant (R2_IN), an outlet port for at least one second reaction product (P2_OUT) and is furthermore in thermal exchange relationship with said first reaction volume (V1), wherein, during operation, in said first reaction volume (V1) an oxidation reaction occurs between said at least one first reactant and said oxidizer agent with the formation of said at least one first reaction product, and in said second reaction volume (V2) a gasification reaction occurs of said second reactant with the contribution of a thermal energy flow exchanged between the first and the second reaction volumes (V1, V2) with formation of said at least one second reaction product.

A process for producing olefins by cracking paraffins in the presence of methane. In the conventional steam cracking processes for olefin production, steam is used as a diluent in the feed mixture to the thermal cracker. In the processes provided herein, methane replaces steam as a diluent in the feed mixture to the thermal cracker. Replacing steam with methane as a diluent has a potential for cost savings in the construction and operation of a thermal cracking plant for olefin production. In addition, it leads to a much simpler cracking process compared to the conventional steam cracking technology as in the state of the art.

A system for processing air, water, and solid waste material and method of use. The system for processing waste material comprises a tubular reactor through which waste material is passed. The tubular reactor comprises an inductor configured to produce a rotating magnetic field. A plurality of needle-shaped ferromagnetic elements are disposed within a cylindrical working zone of the reactor. The needle-shaped ferromagnetic elements oscillate reaching several thousand periods per second. The system and method for processing natural, synthetic and waste material utilizes micro-pulse micro-arc processing of the material in the rotating magnetic fields to convert organic and inorganic waste into purified raw materials that are usable with minimal reprocessing.

A process for the preparation of ethylene homopolymers or copolymers in a facility having a high-pressure tubular reactor and a preheater, wherein a reaction fluid introduced into the reactor at a reactor inlet is heated in the preheater and the average velocity of the reaction fluid in the preheater is lower than the average velocity of the reaction fluid in the tubular reactor and the ratio of the average velocity in the tubular reactor to the average velocity of the reaction fluid in the preheater is in the range from 1.5 to 5.