Provided is a method for producing HCFC and/or HFC by subjecting a halogenated hydrocarbon and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride to a fluorination reaction in the presence of a catalyst, whereby efficient production can be achieved, without the need to stop the production every time catalytic activity is regenerated or recovered, and without making facilities excessive. Provided as a solution therefor is a method comprising (A) subjecting a halogenated hydrocarbon and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride to a fluorination reaction in at least two reactors each in the presence of a catalyst to thereby obtain HCFC and/or HFC; and (B) while halting the reaction in at least one of the reactors, obtaining HCFC and/or HFC by the reaction in at least one other reactor.

A method for heating a partial oxidation reactor system including a burner system is provided. The method includes utilizing a flue gas stream derived from combustion process using an oxygen rich stream and a hydrocarbon fuel stream. The method may include a first burner system utilized during normal plant operation performing partial combustion, a second burner system utilized for heating during start-up phase performing complete combustion. The first burner system may be different than, or the same as, the second burner system. The method may include a second flue gas stream exiting the partial oxidation reactor, and wherein at least a portion of the second flue gas stream is recycled back to the burner system. The method may include a third flue gas stream derived from a downstream located equipment, wherein at least of portion of the third flue gas stream is recycled back to the burner system.

Methods for separating halosilanes that involve use of a distillation column having a partition that divides the column into portions for producing three product fractions are disclosed. Methods and systems for producing silane by disproportionation of halosilanes that use such columns and methods for producing polycrystalline silicon are also disclosed.

The present disclosure generally relates to methods and systems for reforming and isomerizing hydrocarbons. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a novel combination of two traditionally separate reforming and isomerization reaction zones. A first hydrocarbon stream comprising C.sub.5-C.sub.6 hydrocarbons is isomerized in a first isomerization zone. A second hydrocarbon stream comprising C.sub.7+ hydrocarbons is reformed thus producing a C.sub.7 hydrocarbon stream and a C.sub.8 hydrocarbon stream. The reformed C.sub.7 stream is then isomerized in a second isomerization zone.

Provided are a system for preparing isotope-labeled carbon dioxide and a method therefor. The preparation method comprises: vaporizing heavy-oxygen water and mixing the heavy-oxygen water with carbon dioxide, and subjecting the heavy-oxygen water and the carbon dioxide to an oxygen-exchange reaction by catalyzing them with a catalytic material, and performing gas-liquid separation after the reaction to obtain the isotope-labeled carbon dioxide. The system provided by the present application has a simple structure, and by adopting the heavy-oxygen water which has a wide source and low cost as an oxygen isotope source and utilizing the oxygen-exchange reaction, the replacement of oxygen-16 in normal carbon dioxide by oxygen-18 in heavy-oxygen water is achieved to obtain the oxygen-18 labeled carbon dioxide product. The process is simple and pollution-free, the utilization rate of oxygen isotope is high, the conditions of separation and purification are mild, and the system has good economic benefits and application prospects.

Apparatuses for generation of a gas, for example chlorine dioxide, methods of forming an apparatus, and methods of use thereof are provided. The apparatus may include at least one pouch composed of a hydrophobic material and a reactant disposed within the interior of the pouch. The reactant generates a desired gas in the presence of an initiating agent.

A system is disclosed for producing ultra-high-molecular-weight (UHMW) poly-alpha-olefins (PAO) for use as pipeline drag reducing agents, having improved thermal efficiency and reduced branching of the PAO. The system comprises hinged pairs of shells, each pair of shells comprising a grid of larger hemispherical voids connected by smaller hemicylindrical passages, arranged in a serpentine pattern along the surface area of the shell. When the hinged pairs of shells are shut, they form a pattern of spherical voids which can be connected to an inlet port, which receives a combination of alpha-olefin monomer feedstock and a titanium trichloride catalyst. A reactor chamber houses a plurality of these hinged pairs of shells, which may slide into slots inside the reactor chamber spaced such that each adjacent hinged pair of shells abuts the outer surface of the next when shut and inserted. The reactor chamber is cooled by an inert gas.

A system for producing fixed nitrogen products includes a header coupled to one or more plasma torch reactors. The plasma torch reactors receive input gases and generate (e.g., using microwave energy) a plasma and resulting reactive nitrogen species. The reactive nitrogen species oxidize within the header, resulting in a product stream. In certain implementations, the product stream is transported to an absorption unit for conversion into the fixed nitrogen products. Certain implementations include cooling, supplemental fluid, and other systems to vary and enhance production of fixed nitrogen products and operation of the system.

A system is disclosed for producing ultra-high-molecular-weight (UHMW) poly-alpha-olefins (PAO) for use as pipeline drag reducing agents, having improved thermal efficiency and reduced branching of the PAO. The system comprises hinged pairs of shells, each pair of shells comprising a grid of larger hemispherical voids connected by smaller hemicylindrical passages, arranged in a serpentine pattern along the surface area of the shell. When the hinged pairs of shells are shut, they form a pattern of spherical voids which can be connected to an inlet port, which receives a combination of alpha-olefin monomer feedstock and a titanium trichloride catalyst. A reactor chamber houses a plurality of these hinged pairs of shells, which may slide into slots inside the reactor chamber spaced such that each adjacent hinged pair of shells abuts the outer surface of the next when shut and inserted. The reactor chamber is cooled by an inert gas.

An apparatus and a process for reducing the concentration of NOx nitrogen oxides in residual gas may be employed during shutdown and/or startup of apparatuses for preparing nitric acid. An example apparatus for reducing NOx nitrogen oxides may include a reactor that produces NOx nitrogen oxides, an absorption apparatus that absorbs at least part of the NOx nitrogen oxides produced in an aqueous composition, a residual gas purification plant that decomposes and/or reduces unabsorbed NOx nitrogen oxides, feed means for feeding the NOx nitrogen oxides to the absorption apparatus, discharge means for discharging the unabsorbed NOx nitrogen oxides from the absorption apparatus to the residual gas purification plant, and a bypass that transfers a gas mixture from the reactor to the residual gas purification plant while bypassing the absorption apparatus during startup and/or shutdown of the apparatus for preparing nitric acid.