Copper based nanoparticle composite compositions, methods, and systems for purification and sterilization of contaminated water are provided.

The present invention provides processes for filtering undesired chemicals in streams of contaminated air for supply to confined areas. The processes provide (1) contacting air with a filter comprising by volume from about 5% to about 95% impregnated zirconium hydroxide, from about 5% to about 95% activated impregnated carbon, and optionally, up to about 50% ammonia removal material; and (2) supplying the contacted air to a confined area.

The present invention provides processes for filtering undesired chemicals in streams of contaminated air for supply to confined areas. The processes provide (1) contacting air with a filter comprising by volume from about 5% to about 95% impregnated zirconium hydroxide, from about 5% to about 95% activated impregnated carbon, and optionally, up to about 50% ammonia removal material; and (2) supplying the contacted air to a confined area.

A process for treating a petroleum fraction and for efficiently absorbing an organic halogen compound from a fluid mixture of the organic halogen compound and an inorganic halogen compound derived from crude oil. Also disclosed is an improvement in absorption performance of a halogen-compound-absorbing material, thereby reducing the frequency with which the absorbing material is exchanged. The absorbing agent includes attapulgite (palygorskite) having high absorption performance with respect to organic halogen compounds. Also disclosed is an absorption column in which the aforementioned absorbing agent and a halogen-compound-absorbing agent, that includes zinc oxide, are disposed in series, thereby making it possible to raise the treatment performance with respect to a fluid that contains, in high concentrations, the organic halogen compound in addition to the inorganic halogen compound.

A process for treating a petroleum fraction and for efficiently absorbing an organic halogen compound from a fluid mixture of the organic halogen compound and an inorganic halogen compound derived from crude oil. Also disclosed is an improvement in absorption performance of a halogen-compound-absorbing material, thereby reducing the frequency with which the absorbing material is exchanged. The absorbing agent includes attapulgite (palygorskite) having high absorption performance with respect to organic halogen compounds. Also disclosed is an absorption column in which the aforementioned absorbing agent and a halogen-compound-absorbing agent, that includes zinc oxide, are disposed in series, thereby making it possible to raise the treatment performance with respect to a fluid that contains, in high concentrations, the organic halogen compound in addition to the inorganic halogen compound.

A material, such as a flexible sheet, including a metal or metal alloy, wherein the metal or metal alloy has at least one porous metal oxide layer thereon. In some examples, the at least one metal oxide layer has a three-dimensional disordered network of channels in which the pores have non-constant diameters. Methods of preparing the materials are also disclosed.

Disclosed herein is a method of producing a polyaniline zirconia nanocomposite, and the uses of the thus produced polyaniline zirconia nanocomposite for the treatment of wastewater. The polyaniline zirconia nanocomposite is characterized in having a particle size of about 0.3 to 50 μm in diameter, an isoelectric point at about pH 6.2, and is capable of reducing at least 99% of the pathological microorganism and at least 60% of the phosphate in the wastewater after coming into contact with wastewater for 24 hrs and 12 hrs, respectively.

Disclosed herein is a method of producing a polyaniline zirconia nanocomposite, and the uses of the thus produced polyaniline zirconia nanocomposite for the treatment of wastewater. The polyaniline zirconia nanocomposite is characterized in having a particle size of about 0.3 to 50 μm in diameter, an isoelectric point at about pH 6.2, and is capable of reducing at least 99% of the pathological microorganism and at least 60% of the phosphate in the wastewater after coming into contact with wastewater for 24 hrs and 12 hrs, respectively.

Methods of forming a nanocomposite of a base material and a plurality of nanoparticles are provided. In embodiments, the method comprises combining a first input stream of flowing fluid comprising a base material having nucleation sites, a second input stream of flowing fluid comprising a nanoparticle precursor material, and a third input stream of flowing fluid comprising a nanoparticle nucleation agent, to form an output stream of flowing fluid; heating or sonicating or both heating and sonicating the output stream for a period of time; and collecting a nanocomposite formed within the fluid of the output stream, the nanocomposite comprising the base material and a plurality of nanoparticles directly anchored onto a surface of the base material via the nucleation sites. The nanocomposites are also provided.

The deodorant of the present invention is characterized in that the deodorant consists of a crystalline zinc oxide in which zinc oxide and aluminum oxide are composited, and a molar ratio (ZnO/Al.sub.2O.sub.3) of the zinc oxide to the aluminum oxide is in a range from 40 to 80. The deodorant has a high deodorizing effect against sulfur gases and acidic gases. A preferable average particle size of the deodorant is 0.2 to 15 μm.