The montmorillonite-based liquid chromatography column is a chromatography column, which may be steel, packed with unmodified montmorillonite for use in normal phase liquid chromatography, particularly high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The column may be prepared by sieving montmorillonite to achieve a desired particle size range, preferably in the micrometer range, i.e., montmorillonite microparticles, and more preferably between 5-10 m. The montmorillonite microparticles are suspended in a solvent, for example, ethanol, and packed into a column for use in HPLC. Before packing, the montmorillonite microparticles may be dried by, for example, heating for a period of time, e.g., by heating preferably at about 100 C. for at least 2 hours. The packing may be performed at a pressure of at least 5000 psi, and more preferably, between 5000-7000 psi. The column may be used for separation of simple polar compounds under relatively low pressure conditions.

Provided is a hybrid process for producing high-purity para-xylene from a feedstock of aromatic hydrocarbon isomer fractions having 8 carbon atoms, in a liquid phase. The process includes a liquid chromatography separation step and a crystallization step of the para-xylene from the purified stream of para-xylene obtained at the separation step.

Provided is a hybrid process for producing high-purity para-xylene from a feedstock of aromatic hydrocarbon isomer fractions having 8 carbon atoms, in a liquid phase. The process includes a liquid chromatography separation step and a crystallization step of the para-xylene from the purified stream of para-xylene obtained at the separation step.

The present invention provides that powder is mainly constituted from secondary particles of hydroxyapatite. The secondary particles are obtained by drying a slurry containing primary particles of hydroxyapatite and aggregates thereof and granulating the primary particles and the aggregates. A bulk density of the powder is 0.65 g/mL or more and a specific surface area of the secondary particles is 70 m.sup.2/g or more. The powder of the present invention has high strength and is capable of exhibiting superior adsorption capability when it is used for an adsorbent an adsorption apparatus has.

The present invention provides that powder is mainly constituted from secondary particles of hydroxyapatite. The secondary particles are obtained by drying a slurry containing primary particles of hydroxyapatite and aggregates thereof and granulating the primary particles and the aggregates. A bulk density of the powder is 0.65 g/mL or more and a specific surface area of the secondary particles is 70 m.sup.2/g or more. The powder of the present invention has high strength and is capable of exhibiting superior adsorption capability when it is used for an adsorbent an adsorption apparatus has.

The present invention relates to the extraction of lithium from liquid resources such as natural and synthetic brines, leachate solutions from minerals, and recycled products.

The present invention relates to the extraction of lithium from liquid resources such as natural and synthetic brines, leachate solutions from minerals, and recycled products.

A host material may be used for the separation of elements or compounds, wherein the host material is an organic molecular solid with suitable cavities for accommodating a guest material to be separated, and with interconnections between the cavities to allow the guest material to diffuse through the host material, and wherein said interconnections are closed for a proportion of the time or have a static pore limiting diameter which is smaller than the static dimension of the guest material. Applications include separations of rare gases, chiral molecules, and alkanes. One class of suitable host materials may be made by imine condensation.

A host material may be used for the separation of elements or compounds, wherein the host material is an organic molecular solid with suitable cavities for accommodating a guest material to be separated, and with interconnections between the cavities to allow the guest material to diffuse through the host material, and wherein said interconnections are closed for a proportion of the time or have a static pore limiting diameter which is smaller than the static dimension of the guest material. Applications include separations of rare gases, chiral molecules, and alkanes. One class of suitable host materials may be made by imine condensation.

The present invention discloses methods of neutralizing apatite surfaces, for example during chromatography and before protein elution.