Provided is a complex obtained by reacting a polymer compound derivative obtained by modifying part of the hydroxy groups or amino groups of a polymer compound having the hydroxy groups or amino groups with a compound represented by the following general formula (I) with one or more kinds of compounds represented by the following general formulae (II) to (V): (I) A-XSi(Y).sub.nR.sub.3-n; (II) M(OR.sup.1).sub.nR.sup.2.sub.4-n; (III) Al(OR.sup.1).sub.pR.sup.2.sub.3-p; (IV) Mg(OR.sup.1).sub.qR.sup.2.sub.2-q; and (V) [Si(OR.sup.3).sub.nR.sup.4.sub.3-n](X)[Si(OR.sup.5).sub.nR.sup.6.sub.3-n].

Provided is a complex obtained by reacting a polymer compound derivative obtained by modifying part of the hydroxy groups or amino groups of a polymer compound having the hydroxy groups or amino groups with a compound represented by the following general formula (I) with one or more kinds of compounds represented by the following general formulae (II) to (V): (I) A-XSi(Y).sub.nR.sub.3-n; (II) M(OR.sup.1).sub.nR.sup.2.sub.4-n; (III) Al(OR.sup.1).sub.pR.sup.2.sub.3-p; (IV) Mg(OR.sup.1).sub.qR.sup.2.sub.2-q; and (V) [Si(OR.sup.3).sub.nR.sup.4.sub.3-n](X)[Si(OR.sup.5).sub.nR.sup.6.sub.3-n].

A method for analysing a crude oil to determine the amount of organic acid compounds contained in the crude oil includes extracting the organic acid compounds from a sample of crude oil to form an extract and determining the amount of the extracted organic acids In addition, the method includes dissolving the extract in a polar solvent to form a solution of the extracted organic acid compounds Further, the method includes introducing a sample of the solution of the extracted organic acid to an apparatus including a reversed phase liquid chromatography (LC) column and a mass spectrometer (MS) arranged in series. The reversed phase LC column contains a hydrophobic sorbent and the mobile phase for the LC column includes a polar organic solvent. Still further, the method includes separating the organic acid compounds in the LC column of the LC-MS apparatus and continuously passing the separated organic acid compounds from the LC column to the MS of the LC-MS apparatus to ionize the organic acid compounds and to obtain a chromatogram with mass spectral data over time for the ionized organic acid compounds. Moreover, the method includes determining the area(s) under the peak(s) in an extracted ion chromatogram derived from the mass spectral data assigned to one or more organic acid compounds. The method also includes determining the amount of the organic acid compound(s) in the sample by comparing the area under the peak(s) assigned to the organic acid compound(s) with the area under a peak in an extracted ion chromatogram assigned to a specific amount of a standard organic acid compound. In addition, the method includes extrapolating from the amount of the organic acid compound(s) in the sample to provide the total amount of the organic acid compound(s) in the extract.

A porous chiral material of formula [M(L).sub.1.5(A)].sup.+X.sup. wherein M is a metal ion; L is a nitrogen-containing bidentate ligand; A is the anion of mandelic acid or a related acid; and X.sup. is an anion

A porous chiral material of formula [M(L).sub.1.5(A)].sup.+X.sup. wherein M is a metal ion; L is a nitrogen-containing bidentate ligand; A is the anion of mandelic acid or a related acid; and X.sup. is an anion

The present disclosure generally relates to methods for separating .sup.8-THC, .sup.9-THC, and related enantiomers using CO.sub.2-based chromatography.

The present disclosure generally relates to methods for separating .sup.8-THC, .sup.9-THC, and related enantiomers using CO.sub.2-based chromatography.

The present invention relates to a novel stationary phase support for liquid chromatographic chiral separations. The specific combination of the special underlying support material and certain classes of known chiral selectors according to the invention produces far superior chiral (enantiomeric) separations than those obtained on any conventionally known supports. These chiral (enantiomeric) separations are enhanced in terms of significantly higher efficiencies (theoretical plate numbers), higher resolutions (R.sub.s), shorter retention times and either equivalent or slightly higher selectivities than those obtained on conventional supports.

The present invention relates to a novel stationary phase support for liquid chromatographic chiral separations. The specific combination of the special underlying support material and certain classes of known chiral selectors according to the invention produces far superior chiral (enantiomeric) separations than those obtained on any conventionally known supports. These chiral (enantiomeric) separations are enhanced in terms of significantly higher efficiencies (theoretical plate numbers), higher resolutions (R.sub.s), shorter retention times and either equivalent or slightly higher selectivities than those obtained on conventional supports.

An enantioselective zwitterionic ion-exchange material comprising a chiral selector component (SO) comprising at least one cation exchange group and at least one anion exchange group and a carrier, carrying said selector component, wherein the chiral selector component comprises at least one chiral linker moiety to connect said ion exchange groups in a non-macrocyclic fashion, and said chiral linker moiety contains at least one - interaction site.