A respiratory protection filter includes filtration media. The filtration media includes an iron-doped manganese oxide material having an average pore size (BJH method) in a range from 1 to 4 nm and a surface area (BET) of at least 300 m.sup.2/g, or at least 350 m.sup.2/g, or at least 400 m.sup.2/g.

Methods of preparing and using compositions and devices comprising compressible absorbent matrix material having mechanically-shaped sponge architecture are disclosed.

Provided is a purifying material capable of highly efficiently removing contaminant components from wastewater. A water purifying material having a composition of 30 to 40% total iron, 1 to 5% titanium, 0.1 to 1% magnesium, and 0.1 to 0.8% silica (silicon), and a method for manufacturing the water purifying material including: adding caustic soda to a solution containing 200 to 100 mg/L of bivalent iron, 20 to 100 mg/L of titanium ions, 5 to 50 mg/L of magnesium, and 3 to 30 mg/L of silica under conditions of 30 to 50 C. and pH 6.8 to 7.2 to carry out neutralization and reaction; separating and collecting an obtained solid at 100 C. or less; and drying the collected solid.

Provided are: an activated carbon molded body which has a large pore volume and has the strength to allow a desired shape to be molded therefrom; and a method for manufacturing the same. This activated carbon molded body has a pore volume per molded body volume (cm.sup.3/cm.sup.3) obtained from the product of the total pore volume (cm.sup.3/g) of the activated carbon molded body and the molded body density (g/cm.sup.3) of 0.39 cm.sup.3/cm.sup.3 or greater, and a strength of 0.1 MPa or greater.

A method for producing an iron-containing filter material for water treatment includes the steps of reacting a trivalent iron compound and a base inside a vessel until the trivalent iron is completely neutralized, to obtain an iron hydroxide and a salt consisting of the anion of the trivalent iron compound and the cation of the base; feeding the iron hydroxide and the salt into ceramic membranes to wash the iron hydroxide from the salt in cross-flow; feeding the iron hydroxide suspension to a membrane filter press where part of the water is removed, to obtain a panel having a moisture content of less than 77% by weight; inserting the panel into containers; and positioning the containers inside a refrigeration chamber operating at atmospheric pressure and at temperatures less than 0 C. for a time between 24 and 240 hours.

A production system for manufacturing composite porous solid articles is provided wherein the color of such articles is monitored to confirm that the articles, which are produced by heating and compressing mixtures of poly(vinylidene fluoride) binder powder (such as Kyblock? resin from Arkema) and activated carbon powder, are fully cured. Adjustments to the processing conditions are made when a region of the article appears blue (indicative of incomplete curing).

Methods and devices are disclosed for a separation device including a sintered polymeric monolith having polymeric microparticulate solids with a pore size from about 0.5 to about 8 microns, a porosity between about 50 percent to about 80 percent and a chromatographic uniformity characterized by an HETP (height equivalent of a theoretical plate) less than about 100 microns.

Embodiments provided herein are compositions directed to porous iron oxides, which are suitable for removing hydrogen sulfide and other sulfur-containing organic contaminants from hydrocarbon streams, and in which the iron oxide component of the composition contains both maghemite and hematite phases, with maghemite forming the greater portion of these phases. In some embodiments, magnetite, aluminum oxide, alumina silicate, and a binder comprised of an organic substance are homogenized, followed by calcining which burns away the organic and converts magnetite to a mix of maghemite and hematite.

A filter system comprises a hollow fiber membrane filter having pores; and an electrostatic adsorption filter partially or wholly having positive charges to be ion adsorbed with nanoparticles of negative charges by an electrostatic attraction, the nanoparticles which exist in the water, and the electrostatic adsorption filter configured to remove in advance the nanoparticles from the water to be supplied to the hollow fiber membrane filter, to prevent a water passing amount of the hollow fiber membrane filter from being rapidly reduced. According to the present invention, the viruses existing in raw water may be removed in accordance with a size exclusion mechanism of the hollow fiber membrane filter, and the nanoparticles, which cause the reduction of the water passing amount of the hollow fiber membrane filter, may be removed using the electrostatic adsorption filter.

Disclosed is a method for the selective catalytic reduction of NO.sub.x in waste/exhaust gas by using ammonia provides by heating one or more salts of formula M.sub.a(NH.sub.3).sub.nX.sub.z, wherein M represents one or more cations selected from alkaline earth metals and transition metals, X represents one or more anions, a represents the number of cations per salt molecule, z represents the number of anions per salt molecule, and n is a number of from 2 to 12, the one or more salts having been compressed to a bulk density above 70% of the skeleton density before use thereof.