Described here is a free-standing composite particle with a large surface area. The particle is capable of adsorbing heavy metal contaminants from water. The particle itself is comprised of a granular activated carbon particle to which are attached one or more carbon nanotubes, the combination of which is covered by at least a partial thin film of polydopamine or other polymeric material derived from dopamine-like compounds. The composite particles are mixed with contaminated water, after which the water and particle mixture is injected into a hydrocyclone separator specifically designed for use with the composite particle. The hydrocyclone separator removes the particles from the water, allowing the particles holding the contaminants to be extracted for treatment, while the purified water flows out of the separator for reuse. The separated particles can be treated to remove all the adsorbed contaminants, after which the reclaimed particles may be reused.

A preparation method of charcoal-based fertilizer is provided. Particularly, a special pig manure charcoal modified by amino grafting, a preparation method thereof, and its application in the reuse of nitrogen from farmland drainage are provided. The preparation method includes the following steps: 1) drying raw pig manure to a moisture content of 80%-85% and carrying out pickling, drying, and crushing successively to obtain a dried pig manure powder; 2) conducting liquid nitrogen pretreatment and high-temperature charcoalization to obtain an expanded pig manure charcoal; 3) performing carboxylation treatment to obtain a carboxylated pig manure charcoal; 4) amino grafting: adding an ammonia liquor to the carboxylated pig manure charcoal obtained in step 3), stirring for 20-24 h in an oil bath at 200-240° C.; washing and filtering; and drying and grinding to obtain the special pig manure charcoal modified by amino grafting.

The present invention provides an activated carbon modification method, a filter mesh structure, use of the filter mesh structure, and a filter material regeneration method. The activated carbon modification method includes: providing an activated carbon; treating the surface of the activated carbon with hydrogen peroxide, so that the activated carbon forms a modified activated carbon; and removing the hydrogen peroxide from the surface of the modified activated carbon. The filter mesh structure includes the modified activated carbon, and the filter material therein can withstand hydrogen peroxide and temperatures above 100° C. and below 120° C. The filter material regeneration method includes: providing a filter material of the filter mesh structure as described above; treating the filter material with hydrogen peroxide; and removing substances from the surface of the modified activated carbon.

Provided are certain activated carbonaceous materials which have been treated with dilute mineral acids to modify their surface chemistry and morphology. The modified activated carbonaceous materials of the disclosure are useful in removing certain contaminants from gaseous streams. In one embodiment, the contaminants are compounds containing silicon and oxygen moieties, such as alkyl silanols and alkyl siloxanes. The modified activated carbonaceous materials can be incorporated into filters and filter systems.

A preparation method and an application of a scallop shell extract efficient adsorbent are provided. The adsorbent employs waste scallop shells as a primary raw material, and converts the scallop shells into an extract with excellent adsorption performance by heating and multiple times of extraction with acetic acid. The prepared scallop shell extract is used as an efficient adsorbent to be applied to adsorption of aqueous solution dyes and shows good adsorption performance. The preparation method has a simple preparation process, realizes high-value utilization of the waste scallop shells, effectively lightens the environmental burden, reduces shell pollution and waste, has low cost and high renewable efficiency, and has good ecological benefit and economic value.

The present invention relates to an activated carbon, having a BET specific surface area (A) of 1,250 to 1,800 m.sup.2/g as determined from a carbon dioxide adsorption isotherm, and a ratio (B)/(C) of 0.640 or lower between a pore volume (B) mL/g at a pore diameter of 0.4 to 0.7 nm and a pore volume (C) mL/g at a pore diameter of 0.7 to 1.1 nm as determined by performing a grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation on a carbon dioxide adsorption-desorption isotherm.

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of water purifying material, and in particular to a kaolin-based water purifying material, a preparation method and use thereof. The method for preparing a kaolin-based water purifying material provided by the present disclosure includes the following steps: mixing kaolin and a modifier with water, and conducting hydrothermal reaction to obtain a kaolin-based water purifying material; the modifier is an organic or inorganic modifier; the organic modifier is octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (OTAC), and the inorganic modifier is one or more of polyaluminum chloride, Al.sub.2(SO.sub.4).sub.3, Fe.sub.2(SO.sub.4).sub.3, AlCl.sub.3 and FeCl.sub.3; the kaolin is 200-400 mesh in particle size. The water purifying material of the present disclosure enables efficient algae removal and water purification, and is safe and eco-friendly.

In one aspect, an oxygenated hierarchically porous carbon (an “O-HPC”) is provided, the O-HPC comprising: a hierarchically porous carbon (an “HPC”), the HPC comprising a surface, the surface comprising: (A) first order pores having an average diameter of between about 1 μm and about 10 μm; and (B) walls separating the first order pores, the walls comprising: (1) second order pores having a peak diameter between about 7 nm and about 130 nm; and (2) third order pores having an average diameter of less than about 4 nm, wherein at least a portion of the HPC surface has been subjected to O.sub.2 plasma to oxygenate and induce a negative charge to the surface. In one aspect, the O-HPC further comprises metal nanoparticles dispersed within the first, second, and third order pores. Methods for making and using the metal nanoparticle-impregnated O-HPCs are also provided.

The invention relates to a co-pyrolyzed sludge biochar modified by lanthanum carbonate, a preparation method and a use thereof. The method comprises: adding a co-pyrolyzed sludge biochar into a metal salt solution of lanthanum ions, heating and adding a carbonate solution until the pH is 8 to 9, and standing still at a constant temperature, and separating to obtain a co-pyrolyzed sludge biochar modified by lanthanum carbonate, the sludge biochar is prepared by co-pyrolysis of sludge and bamboo. The co-pyrolyzed sludge biochar modified by lanthanum carbonate prepared by the present invention can effectively adsorb and remove phosphate in water due to containing the lanthanum carbonate with strong affinity for anions and a larger specific surface area.

The present disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing carboxymethyl cellulose particles, cellulose inducer particles manufactured by the method, and an absorbent article comprising same. The method comprises: (1) a step of obtaining alkalized cellulose by reacting a cellulose raw material with an alkalizer; (2) a step of obtaining carboxymethyl cellulose by reacting the alkalized cellulose with a carboxy methylating agent; (3) a primary cross-linking step of obtaining a slurry-phase carboxymethyl cellulose cross-linked body by reacting the carboxymethyl cellulose with a core cross-linker; (4) a step of washing and dehydrating after filtering the slurry-phase carboxymethyl cellulose cross-linked body; (5) a secondary cross-linking step of obtaining carboxymethyl cellulose having a core-shell structure by reacting the carboxymethyl cellulose cross-linked body having undergone Step (4) with a surface cross-linker; and (6) a step of obtaining carboxymethyl cellulose particles having a core-shell structure by drying and pulverizing the carboxymethyl cellulose having a core-shell structure.