A precious metal-supported eggshell catalyst with a preparation method and an application are provided. The precious metal-supported eggshell catalyst includes a carrier, a precious metal and a promoter. As an active component, the precious metal and the promoter are evenly distributed on surface of the carrier, wherein the promoter includes one or more than two of a precious metal, an alkaline earth metal, a transition metal lanthanide series metal, an actinium series metal and/or a metal oxide thereof. With a highly utilization of the precious metal, the precious metal-supported eggshell catalyst showed high conversion, good selectivity and excellent stability, and the precious metal-supported eggshell catalyst is used more than 300 hours with no obvious loss of activity in preparing 1,3-propanediol through hydrogenation of 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde aqueous solution. Furthermore, with large particles the precious metal-supported eggshell catalyst is easily separated from reaction products.

The invention relates to a process for preparing methyl mercaptan from a mixture of carbon oxide, hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen, in the presence of a catalyst based on molybdenum and potassium supported on zirconia, said catalyst not comprising any promoter.

Disclosed herein are compositions comprising zirconium and cerium having a surprisingly small particle sizes. The compositions disclosed herein contain zirconium, cerium, optionally yttrium, and optionally one or more rare earths other than cerium and yttrium The compositions exhibit a particle size characterized by a Dso value of about 20 μm to about 45 μm and a D.sub.99 value of about 55 μm to about 1 00 μm. Further disclosed are processes of producing these compositions using oxalic acid in the process. The compositions can be used as a catalyst and/or part of a catalytic system for automobile exhaust gas.

The invention relates to a catalyst composition suitable for the dehydrogenation of paraffins having 2-8 carbon atoms comprising zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, optionally further comprising oxides of cerium (Ce), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), lanthanum (La), neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr), samarium (Sm), terbium (Tb), ytterbium (Yb), yttrium (Y), tungsten (W) and Zirconium (Zr) or mixtures thereof, wherein said catalyst composition is substantially free of chromium and platinum. The catalysts possess unique combinations of activity, selectivity, and stability. Methods for preparing improved dehydrogenation catalysts and a process for dehydrogenating paraffins having 2-8 carbon atoms, comprising contacting the mixed metal oxide catalyst with paraffins are also described. The catalyst may also be disposed on a porous support in an attrition-resistant form and used in a fluidized bed reactor.

The present invention relates to a process for the production of butadiene by condensation of ethanol using a catalyst containing sillica-supported elements from group 3A and group 4B of the periodic table. The catalyst of the present invention has high activity and selectivity to butadiene in the synthesis reaction of said olefin from ethanol.

A catalyst has a modified silica support and comprises a modifier metal, zirconium and/or hafnium, and a catalytic metal on the modified support. The catalyst has at least a proportion, typically, at least 25%, of modifier metal present in moieties having a total of up to 2 modifier metal atoms. The moieties may be derived from a monomeric and/or dimeric cation source. A method of production:— provides a silica support with isolated silanol groups with optional treatment to provide isolated silanol groups (—SiOH) at a level of <2.5 groups per nm.sup.2; contacting the optionally treated silica support with a monomeric zirconium or hafnium modifier metal compound to effect adsorption onto the support; optionally calcining the modified support for a time and temperature sufficient to convert the monomeric zirconium or hafnium compound adsorbed on the surface to an oxide or hydroxide of zirconium or hafnium in preparation for catalyst impregnation.

The disclosure relates to a method for making a photocatalytic structure, the method comprising: providing a carbon nanotube structure comprising a plurality of carbon nanotubes intersected with each other; a plurality of openings being defined by the plurality of carbon nanotubes; forming a photocatalytic active layer on the surface of the carbon nanotube structure; applying a metal layer pre-form on the surface of the photocatalytic active layer; and annealing the metal layer pre-form.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide comprising, among other steps, preparing a second aqueous mixture comprising water and an iron salt; and disposing the second mixture on the substrate obtained according to (ii), comprising a coating comprising a zeolitic material comprising copper, over y % of the substrate axial length from the inlet end to the outlet end of the substrate, wherein y is in the range of from 10 to x, obtaining a substrate comprising, in a first zone, the coating comprising a zeolitic material comprising copper and over y % of the substrate axial length an iron salt; and, if x > y, in a second zone extending from y % to x % of the substrate axial length from the inlet end to the outlet end, the coating comprising a zeolitic material comprising copper.

Disclosed herein are catalyst compositions having improved mercury intrusion volume and surface areas and processes for making these compositions. The enhanced compositions disclosed herein contain zirconium, cerium, optionally yttrium, and optionally one or more rare earths other than cerium and yttrium. Further disclosed are processes of producing these compositions involving supercritical drying after addition of mesitylene. The compositions can be used as a catalyst and/or as part of a catalyst system in an automobile exhaust system.

A three-way catalyst article, and its use in an exhaust system for internal combustion engines, is disclosed. The catalyst article for treating exhaust gas comprising: a substrate comprising an inlet end and an outlet end with an axial length L; and a first catalytic region on the substrate; wherein the first catalytic region comprises a first PGM component and a first alumina, wherein the first alumina is doped with a first dopant of at least 5 wt. %, and wherein the first dopant is selected from the group consisting of Zr, Ta, Mo, W, Ti, Nb, and a combination thereof.