A catalyst composition for converting an alcohol to olefins, the catalyst composition comprising the following components: (a) a support (e.g., particles) comprising silicon and oxygen; (b) at least one of copper and silver residing on and/or incorporated into said support; and (c) at least one lanthanide element residing on and/or incorporated into said support. The catalyst may also further include component (d), which is zinc. Also described herein is a method for converting an alcohol to one or more olefinic compounds (an olefin fraction) by contacting the alcohol with a catalyst at a temperature of at least 100° C. and up to 500° C. to result in direct conversion of the alcohol to an olefin fraction containing one or more olefinic compounds containing at least three carbon atoms; wherein ethylene and propylene are produced in a minor proportion of the olefin fraction, and butenes and higher olefins are produced in major proportion.

A catalyst used for dehydrogenation of an organic hydrogen-storage material to generate hydrogen, a support for the catalyst, and a preparation process thereof are presented. A hydrogen-storage alloy and a preparation process thereof are also provided. A process for providing high-purity hydrogen, a high-efficiently distributed process for producing high-purity and high-pressure hydrogen, a system for providing high-purity and high-pressure hydrogen, a mobile hydrogen supply system, and a distributed hydrogen supply apparatus are also described.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing alkanolamines and/or ethyleneamines in the liquid phase, by reacting ethylene glycol and/or monoethanolamine with ammonia in the presence of an amination catalyst comprising Co, Ru and Sn.

Disclosed is a catalyst, a method for producing the catalyst, an electrode comprising the catalyst, a membrane-electrode assembly comprising the electrode, and a fuel cell comprising the membrane-electrode assembly, the catalyst being highly efficient and having a long service life due to improved interfacial properties with ionomer from having fluoride (F) groups on the surface thereof. The catalyst according to the present invention comprises: a support; metal particles supported in the support; and fluoride (F) groups on the surface of the support and metal particles.

The present disclosure relates to yolk-shell structured catalysts having compositions that can be particularly useful in the dry reforming of methane. These catalysts can demonstrate long-term stability that would be an advantage in industrial applications such as mitigating fossil fuel plant emissions. Example catalysts can include a yolk containing nickel (Ni) or nickel oxide (NiO), platinum (Pt) or platinum oxide (PtO.sub.2), and a third material (M3) such as a cerium oxide (CeO.sub.x). The shell can be formed of a ceramic such as silica and is generally a porous material that can support the yolk.

A group of reductive 2D materials (R2D) with extended reactive vacancies and a method for making the R2D with extended reactive vacancies are provided, especially the example of the reductive boron nitride (RBN). To create defects such as vacancies, boron nitride (BN) powders are milled at cryogenic temperatures. Vacancies are produced by milling, and the vacancies can be used to reduce various metal nanostructures on RBN. Due to the thermal stability of the RBN and the enhanced catalytic performance of metal nanostructures, RBN-metals can be used for different catalysts, including electrochemical catalysts and high temperature catalysts.

A novel process can be used for producing methacrylates such as methacrylic acid and/or alkyl methacrylates, in particular MMA. The process leads to an increased yield and increased efficiency compared to other C4-based production processes, in particular processes starting from isobutylene or tert-butanol as raw material. The process can be operated for longer periods without disruption and with the same or even increased activities and selectivities. The process can also be executed in a manner that is as simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly as possible.

The present invention relates to a steam reforming catalyst for hydrogen production. More specifically, the present invention provides a novel catalysts support for sustainable hydrogen production by steam reforming process using bio-based materials feedstock such as ethanol, glycerol, n-butanol and ethylene glycol. The said improved support catalyst and metal doped catalysts therefrom, are comprising of combination of crystalline Mesoporous cellular foam (MCF) silica and basic site assistant for enhancing catalytic activity of doped active metals thereon and lower coke formation. The benefits of present invention is in the cost efficient steam reforming process for hydrogen production, wherein the said catalysts are efficiently providing a high reactant conversion at lower temperature, no coke formation, high thermal stability for longer time and effective catalytic performance for multiple cycles.

A method for producing plasmonic nanomaterials that are catalytically or photocatalytically active by fabricating plasmonic nanostructures on substrates using electrodeposition into a nano-template structure and forming a plurality of nanorods in an array, wherein the nanorods are made from materials chosen from the group consisting of materials that are plasmonic and/or catalytic, and materials that are catalytically activated by depositing pure elemental metals, alloys, or alternating layers of different metals or alloys, and producing catalytic plasmonic nanomaterials. Catalytic plasmonic nanomaterials made from the above method. An optical reactor device that utilizes catalytic nanomaterials for photocatalytic synthesis of methanol or ammonia. A method of photocatalytic synthesis of methanol and ammonia by using catalytic plasmonic nanomaterial to convert CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 to methanol and N.sub.2 and H.sub.2 to ammonia using optical power. A hybrid plasma-plasmonic reactor for the utilization of CO.sub.2 and CH.sub.4 to produce methanol, ethylene, and acetic acid.

A method of and apparatus for desalinating sea water using geothermal energy. A low voltage (such as less than 0.9V) is applied to a hydrogen generating catalysts to generate hydrogen and oxygen, wherein geothermal heat is used as a heat source. The hydrogen and oxygen are used to drive a gas turbine to generate electricity. The oxygen and hydrogen are transported away and combusted to generate heat and pure water, as such salt are separated from the pure water.