Proposed are a photocatalyst, including titanium dioxide particles including titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2), a carbon material located on all or part of the surface of the titanium dioxide particles and including at least one selected from the group consisting of graphene, reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and bimetallic nanoparticles supported on the carbon material and including first metal nanoparticles and second metal nanoparticles, and a water treatment method using the same. In the photocatalyst and the water treatment method using the same, the photocatalyst including bimetallic nanoparticles and graphene oxide is prepared, thereby exhibiting high reduction efficiency and high selectivity to nitrogen gas even without the use of an external electron donor.

The present invention provides a method for producing urea by means of energy irradiation, the method comprises contacting a nanostructure catalyst with at least one carbon-containing source, at least one nitrogen-containing source and at least one hydrogen-containing source, and irradiating the nanostructure catalyst, the carbon-containing source, the nitrogen-containing source and the hydrogen-containing source with energy, to produce urea molecules.

Ethylene glycol is prepared from a carbohydrate source in a process,

wherein hydrogen, the carbohydrate source, a liquid diluent and a catalyst system are introduced as reactants into a reaction zone;

wherein the catalyst system comprises a tungsten compound and ruthenium as hydrogenolysis metal and further at least one promoter metal, selected from transition and post-transition metals;

wherein the carbohydrate source is reacted with hydrogen in the presence of the catalyst system to yield a product mixture comprising ethylene glycol and butylene glycol.

Butylene glycol may selectively be removed from the product mixture by azeotropic distillation using an entraining agent.

The present invention is directed to multifunctional nanomaterials for photothermal heating and catalytic applications. The present invention discloses a method of photothermally heating a solution. The present method also discloses a method of catalyzing a reaction. Both methods require a step of exposing a solution to at least one wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum. A gold-iron oxide nanomaterial comprising an iron oxide substrate and discrete gold particles deposited on the substrate is also disclosed.

Disclosed is a supported nanoparticle catalyst, methods of making the supported nanoparticle 5 catalysts and uses thereof. The supported nanoparticle catalyst includes catalytic metals M1, M2, M3, and a support material. M1 and M2 are different and are each selected from nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu) or zinc (Zn), wherein M1 and M2 are dispersed in the support material. M3 is a noble metal deposited on the surface of the nanoparticle catalyst and/or dispersed in the support material. The nanoparticle catalyst is 10 capable of producing hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) from methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2).

Disclosed is a supported nanoparticle catalyst, methods of making the supported nanoparticle 5 catalysts and uses thereof. The supported nanoparticle catalyst includes catalytic metals M1, M2, M3, and a support material. M1 and M2 are different and are each selected from nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu) or zinc (Zn), wherein M1 and M2 are dispersed in the support material. M3 is a noble metal deposited on the surface of the nanoparticle catalyst and/or dispersed in the support material. The nanoparticle catalyst is 10 capable of producing hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) from methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2).

This disclosure provides a loyalty program on a network-wide level. Embodiments may associate UPC and SKU data on a network level to reward consumers and/or to analyze the data for a variety of business purposes, such as market segmentation analyzes and/or analyzes relating to consumer spending behaviors or patterns, for example. In accordance with one embodiment, the network may comprise any number of participants, including consumers (such as primary and supplementary members of an aggregate consumer account), retailers (e.g. including any of their employees), manufacturers, third-party providers, and the like. In accordance with one embodiment, this disclosure enables participation by supplementary members who are associated with a primary member and, in this manner, facilitates the tracking of supplementary member purchasing behavior, reward points earning behavior, and reward points redemption behavior.

A method for synthesis of PtNi smooth surface core/shell particles or Nano cages and porous nanocages from segregated nanoparticles.

A method for producing a catalyst or catalyst precursor is described including: applying a slurry of a particulate catalyst compound in a carrier fluid to an additive layer manufactured support structure to form a slurry-impregnated support, and drying and optionally calcining the slurry-impregnated support to form a catalyst or catalyst precursor. The mean particle size (D50) of the particulate catalyst compound in the slurry is in the range 1-50 μm and the support structure has a porosity ≧0.02 ml/g.

Continuous processes for making ethylene glycol form aldohexose-yielding carbohydrates are disclosed which enhance the selectivity to ethylene glycol.