The invention relates to a catalyst material comprising a support, a first metal and a second metal on said support. The first and second metals are in the form of a chemical compound. The first metal is Fe, Co or Ni, and the second metal is selected from the group consisting of Sn, Zn and In. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) from methane (CH.sub.4) and ammonia (NH.sub.3), wherein the methane and ammonia are contacted with a catalyst according to the invention.

Methods of treating hydroconversion catalysts used for cracking of hydrocarbons are described. A method can include mixing an inactive hydroconversion catalyst with a solid hydrocarbon containing material having a melting point of 50 C. or greater. The inactive hydroconversion catalyst/solid hydrocarbon containing material mixture can be contacted with a gaseous stream that includes hydrogen (H.sub.2) and a sulfur-containing compound under conditions sufficient to sulfide the catalyst and carbonize at least a portion of the hydrocarbon containing material on the sulfided catalyst to obtain a treated sulfided hydroconversion catalyst.

Methods of treating hydroconversion catalysts used for cracking of hydrocarbons are described. A method can include mixing an inactive hydroconversion catalyst with a solid hydrocarbon containing material having a melting point of 50 C. or greater. The inactive hydroconversion catalyst/solid hydrocarbon containing material mixture can be contacted with a gaseous stream that includes hydrogen (H.sub.2) and a sulfur-containing compound under conditions sufficient to sulfide the catalyst and carbonize at least a portion of the hydrocarbon containing material on the sulfided catalyst to obtain a treated sulfided hydroconversion catalyst.

The present disclosure describes a non-destructive process for removing metals, metal ions and metal oxides present in alumina-based materials without destroying alumina, allowing the regeneration of alumina-based catalysts. Known conventional procedures and/or methods for removing metals, metal ions and metal oxides present in alumina-based materials use some inorganic acid or its mixtures to carry out digestion, which modifies the properties of alumina and those of any other element contained in the material, destroying alumina and preventing its reuse. The present disclosure is characterized by using an extracting agent that sequesters metals, metal ions and/or metal oxides present in alumina-based materials without modifying their properties. The employed extracting agent is an alcohol. The non-destructive process introduced in the present invention reaches metal (M) removal rates of at least 42% when using a continuous flow reactor and of at least 27% when a batch reactor is employed.

A system and method of presulfurizing a catalyst. The presulfurizing of the catalyst includes contacting the catalyst with elemental sulfur, an olefin, and a triglyceride to form a mixture, and heating the mixture to give a presulfurized catalyst.

Described herein are materials and methods for improved catalytic oligomerization of an ethylene monomer and/or propylene monomer. The present disclosure teaches oligomerizing the ethylene monomer or propylene monomer to produce oligomers. Also described is a heterogeneous catalyst comprising sulfate modified nickel on titanium modified alumina and a surface modification with yttrium (Y) suitable for use in the disclosed oligomerization.

Described herein are materials and methods for improved catalytic oligomerization of an ethylene monomer and/or propylene monomer. The present disclosure teaches oligomerizing the ethylene monomer or propylene monomer to produce oligomers. Also described is a heterogeneous catalyst comprising sulfate modified nickel on titanium modified alumina and a surface modification with yttrium (Y) suitable for use in the disclosed oligomerization.

The present invention discloses a method and system of recovering elemental sulfur and regenerating the catalyst for a sulfur-deposited catalyst, including immersing the sulfur-deposited catalyst in the ammonium sulfide solution, the leaching reaction under normal pressure and temperature, replacing the ammonium sulfide solution and immersing again for extraction for the same time; collecting the leachate of the two steps, conducting gas stripping of the elemental sulfur by adopting the high-temperature nitrogen gas, condensing the tail gas of gas stripping, subjecting to a purification treatment and then discharging, with the liquor condensate being the ammonium sulfide solution. Finally, the solid in the leachate is filtered, washed and dried after the gas stripping to obtain the elemental sulfur; and the washing and drying of catalysts that has been subjected to the two times of immersion and extraction obtain the regenerated catalysts.

Biomass is converted into a bio-oil containing stream in a riser reactor having multiple ports for the entry of fresh catalyst. Hard coke formed during pyrolysis may be separated from the riser effluent fraction containing which contains spent catalyst, soft coke and char. The separated hard coke may then be fed back into the riser reactor. The riser reactor may further have a cooling media which quenches the rapid heat transfer to the biomass during pyrolysis of the biomass in the mixing zone of the riser.

Biomass is converted into a bio-oil containing stream in a riser reactor having multiple ports for the entry of fresh catalyst. Hard coke formed during pyrolysis may be separated from the riser effluent fraction containing which contains spent catalyst, soft coke and char. The separated hard coke may then be fed back into the riser reactor. The riser reactor may further have a cooling media which quenches the rapid heat transfer to the biomass during pyrolysis of the biomass in the mixing zone of the riser.