Methods for making alpha olefin oligomers and polyalphaolefins include a step of contacting a C.sub.4 to C.sub.20 alpha olefin monomer and a catalyst system containing a metallocene, a first activator comprising a solid oxide chemically-treated with an electron withdrawing anion, and a second activator comprising an organoaluminum compound. The alpha olefin oligomers and polyalphaolefins prepared with these catalyst systems can have a high viscosity index combined with a low pour point, making them particularly useful in lubricant compositions and as viscosity modifiers.

Provided herein are methods for converting CBD to a product mixture comprising Δ.sup.8-THC, Δ.sup.9-THC, or a combination thereof. The methods provided herein may comprise one or more of (1) a contacting step wherein a starting material comprising CBD, a catalyst comprising an iron (III) salt, and optionally a solvent are added to a reaction vessel, thereby forming a reaction mixture; (2) a conversion step wherein at least a portion of the CBD is converted to THC, thereby forming a product mixture; and (3) optionally, a separation step wherein at least a portion of the catalyst is removed from the product mixture. Advantageously, the methods utilize a catalyst comprising iron (III) sulfate, which is commonly used as a food additive and is generally recognized as safe for human consumption, and do not require the use of catalysts or other reagents that are hazardous to human health.

A bisphenol composition including a specific amount of aromatic alcohol sulfonate, and a simple method of producing it are provided. Also provided is a method of producing a polycarbonate resin in which, by using the bisphenol composition including a specific amount of aromatic alcohol sulfonate, melt polymerization reaction can be efficiently allowed to proceed to produce a polycarbonate resin having an excellent color tone. A bisphenol composition including an aromatic alcohol sulfonate at not less than 0.1 ppb by mass with respect to a bisphenol. A method of producing a bisphenol composition, including reacting a ketone or an aldehyde with an aromatic alcohol in the presence of sulfuric acid to produce a bisphenol composition. A method of producing a polycarbonate resin, including producing a polycarbonate resin using the bisphenol composition. A polycarbonate resin including a specific amount of aromatic alcohol sulfonate.

A bisphenol composition including a specific amount of aromatic alcohol sulfonate, and a simple method of producing it are provided. Also provided is a method of producing a polycarbonate resin in which, by using the bisphenol composition including a specific amount of aromatic alcohol sulfonate, melt polymerization reaction can be efficiently allowed to proceed to produce a polycarbonate resin having an excellent color tone. A bisphenol composition including an aromatic alcohol sulfonate at not less than 0.1 ppb by mass with respect to a bisphenol. A method of producing a bisphenol composition, including reacting a ketone or an aldehyde with an aromatic alcohol in the presence of sulfuric acid to produce a bisphenol composition. A method of producing a polycarbonate resin, including producing a polycarbonate resin using the bisphenol composition. A polycarbonate resin including a specific amount of aromatic alcohol sulfonate.

The present invention provides a method for producing a biofuel that allows an animal/vegetable fat/oil raw material containing a free fatty acid to react with a lower alcohol in the presence of a solid acid catalyst, in which the consumption of the lower alcohol is reduced and the free fatty acid and the lower alcohol are selectively esterified to reform the animal/vegetable fat/oil. In this method, as a solid acid catalyst is used a catalyst selected from an SiO.sub.2/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 solid acid catalyst, an SiO.sub.2/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 solid acid catalyst with aluminum being partially introduced into mesoporous silica, an Al.sub.2O.sub.3/B.sub.2O.sub.3 solid acid catalyst, and a sulfated zirconia solid acid catalyst, with a molar ratio of the free fatty acid and the lower alcohol of 1 to 6.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for suppressing the corrosion of a reactor and reducing waste in the production of 2-furaldehyde from a sugar raw material containing a hexose as a constituent component, and another object of the invention is to provide an industrially advantageous method for producing 2-furaldehyde, which suppresses a decrease in the activity of a catalyst in a case of using an acid catalyst and provides a higher yield. The present invention relates to a method for producing 2-furaldehyde comprising heating a sugar raw material containing a hexose as a constituent component in an aprotic polar solvent in the presence of a solid acid catalyst.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for suppressing the corrosion of a reactor and reducing waste in the production of 2-furaldehyde from a sugar raw material containing a hexose as a constituent component, and another object of the invention is to provide an industrially advantageous method for producing 2-furaldehyde, which suppresses a decrease in the activity of a catalyst in a case of using an acid catalyst and provides a higher yield. The present invention relates to a method for producing 2-furaldehyde comprising heating a sugar raw material containing a hexose as a constituent component in an aprotic polar solvent in the presence of a solid acid catalyst.

A method for preparing peroxide, including a step of treating, in a reaction medium, a component having at least one tertiary alcohol grouping with a compound having at least one tertiary hydroperoxide function in the presence of a catalyst, said method being characterized in that the catalyst includes a sulphonic acid and a inorganic acid, the molar ratio between the sulphonic acid and the aforementioned component including at least one tertiary alcohol grouping ranges from 0.05 to 0.8, and the molar ratio between the inorganic acid and the aforementioned component including at least one tertiary alcohol grouping ranges from 0.05 to 0.8. Also, to the peroxide resulting directly from said preparation method.

A method for preparing peroxide, including a step of treating, in a reaction medium, a component having at least one tertiary alcohol grouping with a compound having at least one tertiary hydroperoxide function in the presence of a catalyst, said method being characterized in that the catalyst includes a sulphonic acid and a inorganic acid, the molar ratio between the sulphonic acid and the aforementioned component including at least one tertiary alcohol grouping ranges from 0.05 to 0.8, and the molar ratio between the inorganic acid and the aforementioned component including at least one tertiary alcohol grouping ranges from 0.05 to 0.8. Also, to the peroxide resulting directly from said preparation method.

A method for producing anhydrosugar alcohol according to the present invention can increase the yield of anhydrosugar alcohol even in the absence of a catalyst or in the presence of a small amount of a transition metal salt catalyst by controlling the temperature of a high-temperature reaction, which converts sugar alcohol to anhydrosugar alcohol, in two steps, that is, a first low-temperature reaction step and a second high-temperature reaction step.