Described herein are methods, compositions and kits utilizing heterogeneous metal catalysts for the preparation of cycloaddition compounds, such as triazoles and biomolecules.

Described herein are methods, compositions and kits utilizing heterogeneous metal catalysts for the preparation of cycloaddition compounds, such as triazoles and biomolecules.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing an ester having formula R—COO—R′ (I), wherein R represents a group selected from: (i) a linear or branched alkyl, containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, (ii) an aryl containing from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, (iii) a heterocycle with 4 to 12 carbon atoms containing at least one heteroatom selected from O, N, P and S, R′ represents a linear or branched alkyl containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, said process comprising at least a phase of reacting a reaction mixture comprising at least one aldehyde having formula R—CHO (II), wherein R has the meanings defined above, and at least one alcohol having general formula R′—OH (III), wherein R′ has the meanings defined above, in the presence of at least one solid basic catalyst, at a temperature within the range of 120° C.-300° C., obtaining said ester having formula (I).

The invention concerns a process for preparing a chlorine comprising catalyst by (a) providing a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst comprising titania and at least 5 weight percent cobalt; (b) impregnating the catalyst with a solution comprising chloride ions; and (c) heating the impregnated catalyst at a temperature in the range of between 100 and 500° C. for at least 5 minutes up to 2 days. The prepared catalyst preferably comprises 0.13-3 weight percent of the element chlorine. The invention further relates to the prepared catalyst and its use.

The invention concerns a process for preparing a chlorine comprising catalyst by (a) providing a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst comprising titania and at least 5 weight percent cobalt; (b) impregnating the catalyst with a solution comprising chloride ions; and (c) heating the impregnated catalyst at a temperature in the range of between 100 and 500° C. for at least 5 minutes up to 2 days. The prepared catalyst preferably comprises 0.13-3 weight percent of the element chlorine. The invention further relates to the prepared catalyst and its use.

An improved solid Ziegler-Natta type catalyst for the (co)polymerisation of ethylene and α-olefins, particularly in high-temperature processes, such as for example adiabatic solution processes and high-pressure adiabatic processes with elevated productivity, is provided. Said catalyst is obtained by means of an original process comprising dissolving in hydrocarbons, compounds of titanium, magnesium and optionally a metal selected from hafnium and zirconium, and reprecipitating them in two steps in succession, the first of which is chlorination and the second reduction.

An improved solid Ziegler-Natta type catalyst for the (co)polymerisation of ethylene and α-olefins, particularly in high-temperature processes, such as for example adiabatic solution processes and high-pressure adiabatic processes with elevated productivity, is provided. Said catalyst is obtained by means of an original process comprising dissolving in hydrocarbons, compounds of titanium, magnesium and optionally a metal selected from hafnium and zirconium, and reprecipitating them in two steps in succession, the first of which is chlorination and the second reduction.

A process for the manufacture of a catalyst comprising a fluorinated metal oxide is provided. A catalyst comprising a fluorinated metal oxide is provided. A catalytic hydrogenation process is also provided.

A process for the manufacture of a catalyst comprising a fluorinated metal oxide is provided. A catalyst comprising a fluorinated metal oxide is provided. A catalytic hydrogenation process is also provided.

A method for producing anhydrosugar alcohol according to the present invention can increase the yield of anhydrosugar alcohol even in the absence of a catalyst or in the presence of a small amount of a transition metal salt catalyst by controlling the temperature of a high-temperature reaction, which converts sugar alcohol to anhydrosugar alcohol, in two steps, that is, a first low-temperature reaction step and a second high-temperature reaction step.