The design of bifunctional catalysts for water splitting by modifying the electronic structure of the catalyst. That bifunctional catalyst that is synthesized is a quaternary FeNiPSe nanoporous film (FeNiPSe NF). A self-supported FeNiPSE NF is synthesized and used as an anode and a cathode in a two-electrode electrolytic cell. The cell is subjected to a water source, and the FeNiPSe NFs split the water molecules to produce hydrogen fuel. The slightly oxidized FeNiPSe surface serves as an active site for oxygen evolution reactions, making hydrogen evolution reactions and oxygen evolution reactions well-balanced, thereby improving electrolysis efficiency.

In an air cleaning device (1) including a thin-plate array unit (20) that has a plurality of thin plates (21) arranged parallel to each other with gaps therebetween and that has a coating layer on each of front and rear surfaces of each thin plate (21) and also including an ultraviolet irradiator (35) that radiates ultraviolet light onto the coating layers, each coating layer is a metal-substituted hydroxyapatite layer in which a portion of calcium in calcium hydroxyapatite is substituted by metal selected from titanium, zirconium, iron, and tungsten.

The present invention provides an adsorbent catalytic nanoparticle including a mesoporous silica nanoparticle having at least one adsorbent functional group bound thereto. The adsorbent catalytic nanoparticle also includes at least one catalytic material. In various embodiments, the present invention provides methods of using and making the adsorbent catalytic nanoparticles. In some examples, the adsorbent catalytic nanoparticles can be used to selectively remove fatty acids from feedstocks for biodiesel, and to hydrotreat the separated fatty acids.

Disclosed are cathodes comprising a conductive support substrate having an electrocatalyst coating containing nickel phosphide nanoparticles. The conductive support substrate is capable of incorporating a material to be reduced, such as CO.sub.2 or CO. A co-catalyst, either incorporated into the electrolyte solution, or adsorbed to, deposited on, or incorporated into the bulk cathode material, provides increased selectivity and activity of the nickel phosphide electrocatalyst. Also disclosed are electrochemical methods for selectively generating hydrocarbon and/or carbohydrate products from CO.sub.2 or CO using water as a source of hydrogen.

A system for extracting hydrogen gas from a liquid hydrogen carrier may include a hydrogen gas reactor, a catalyst for facilitating extraction of the hydrogen gas from the liquid hydrogen carrier, and a reservoir for containing the liquid hydrogen carrier and a spend liquid hydrogen carrier. The system may be configured to regulate a flow of liquid hydrogen carrier in and out of the hydrogen gas reactor, to move a catalyst relative to a volume of the liquid hydrogen carrier, and to provide a continuous flow of the hydrogen gas, in response to a demand for the hydrogen gas.

Catalyst containing an active phase which contains a group VIB element, at least one group VIII element and phosphorus, and a support containing alumina, the catalyst being characterized in that at least 80% by weight of the group VIB elements, of the group VIII elements and of the phosphorus are distributed in the form of a crust at the periphery of said support, the thickness of said crust being between 100 and 1200 m, the content of group VIB element being between 1% and 8% by weight relative to the total weight of the catalyst, the content of group VIII element being between 0.5% and 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the catalyst, and the content of phosphorus being between 0.2% and 3% by weight relative to the total weight of the catalyst, and the support having a specific surface area of between 100 m.sup.2/g and 250 m.sup.2/g.

Embodiments include hydrogenating catalysts and methods of making the same. The catalyst includes nanoparticles of a metal phosphide, such as nickel phosphide with a Ni.sub.5P.sub.4 phase. Also included are methods of hydrogenating a gas that contains sulfur. The methods include directing the gas containing sulfur to a catalyst that includes nanoparticles of a metal phosphide, and contacting the catalyst with the gas containing sulfur to produce a hydrogenated gas.

Described herein relates to a method that may be used for synthesizing a bifunctional electrocatalyst for electrochemical water splitting. The method may involve anodically converting an electrodeposited iron-nickel alloy film into an iron-nickel-oxygen nanofilm, followed by sequential phosphorization and/or selenylation treatments via chemical vapor deposition to form a quaternary iron-nickel phosphoselenide nanoporous film. This self-supported catalyst can facilitate both hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions, improving electrolysis efficiency. The inclusion of selenium may enhance electrical conductivity and stabilize catalytic performance, while the nanoporous structure can optimize mass transport. The film may be used as both anode and cathode in a two-electrode electrolyzer, enabling hydrogen production from pure water or seawater. Notably, the catalyst can demonstrate high turnover frequency and low overpotential, potentially surpassing conventional noble-metal-based catalysts. The system's stability under prolonged operation may underscore its potential for scalable hydrogen generation, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and advancing renewable energy applications.

An object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust gas purification catalyst having improved exhaust gas (e.g., NOx) purifying performance at low to medium temperature. In order to achieve the object, the present invention provides an exhaust gas purification catalyst including: a substrate; and a catalyst layer formed on the substrate, wherein the catalyst layer contains rhodium element, phosphorus element and a rare earth element other than cerium element, wherein a ratio of a mass of the phosphorus element contained in the catalyst layer to the mass of the rhodium element contained in the catalyst layer is from 1 to 10, and wherein a ratio of a mass of the rare earth element other than cerium element in terms of an oxide thereof contained in the catalyst layer to the mass of the rhodium element contained in the catalyst layer is from 1 to 5.

The present invention provides iron phosphide nanoparticles in which iron atoms are in a low valence state and which are stable under an atmospheric condition, a production method therefor, and a reduction catalyst. The present invention relates to iron phosphide nanoparticles having peaks at diffraction angles (20.5) of 48.3 and 32.7 in a powder X-ray diffraction measurement using CuK radiation, wherein, when the iron phosphide nanoparticles are measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), iron atoms contained therein have a peak in a range of 706.0 to 707.5 eV in an Fe2p.sub.3/2 spectrum.