Processes are provided for making an alkylate gasoline blending component, comprising: a. feeding an olefin feed comprising greater than 80 wppm of a sulfur contaminant comprising mercaptans, alkyl sulfides, and alkyl disulfides to a chloroaluminate ionic liquid catalyst, wherein a level of the sulfur contaminant accumulates in the chloroaluminate ionic liquid catalyst to make a sulfur-contaminated ionic liquid catalyst comprising 300 to 20,000 wppm of a sulfur; and b. alkylating the olefin feed with an isoparaffin using the sulfur-contaminated ionic liquid catalyst to make the alkylate gasoline blending component having a final boiling point below 221? C. An alkylation process exclusively utilizing coker LPG olefins is also provided.

The present application relates to the technical field of chemical production, and particularly relates to a molten iron catalyst for high-temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, a preparation method of the molten iron catalyst and an application of the molten iron catalyst in preparation of high-carbon ?-olefin from synthesis gas. The molten iron catalyst comprises iron oxides and a cocatalyst, and mass contents of components are: potassium oxide per 0.1-1 g/100gFe; strontium oxide 0.1-1 g/100gFe; manganese oxide 1-20 g/100gFe, and rare earth metal oxides 1-10 g/100gFe; the rest is iron oxides. The molar ratio of ferric iron to double ferrous iron in the iron oxides, namely Fe.sup.3+/2Fe.sup.2+, is 0.4-1.5. The application aims to provide a molten iron catalyst with high strength, high activity, and high selectivity of higher ?-olefin.

The present application relates to the technical field of chemical production, and particularly relates to a molten iron catalyst for high-temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, a preparation method of the molten iron catalyst and an application of the molten iron catalyst in preparation of high-carbon ?-olefin from synthesis gas. The molten iron catalyst comprises iron oxides and a cocatalyst, and mass contents of components are: potassium oxide per 0.1-1 g/100gFe; strontium oxide 0.1-1 g/100gFe; manganese oxide 1-20 g/100gFe, and rare earth metal oxides 1-10 g/100gFe; the rest is iron oxides. The molar ratio of ferric iron to double ferrous iron in the iron oxides, namely Fe.sup.3+/2Fe.sup.2+, is 0.4-1.5. The application aims to provide a molten iron catalyst with high strength, high activity, and high selectivity of higher ?-olefin.

Method for converting organic material into catalyst for biological hydrosynthesis, comprising providing organic material comprising at least one source of readily available carbon, at least one complex carbon-containing compound and at least one source of protein and contacting the organic material with preparatory catalyst is provided. The organic material is subjected to a size reduction process to produce size-reduced organic material and a solid to liquid ratio of the size-reduced organic material is adjusted to form organic material slurry. The organic material slurry is subjected to a fermentation process to produce amended organic material, by applying a process catalyst to at least a portion of the organic material slurry. A liquid is recovered from the amended organic material and transferred to a fermentation chamber, where it is subjected to a fermentation process to produce amended liquid by applying balancing catalyst to the liquid. The amended liquid is the catalyst.

Method for converting organic material into catalyst for biological hydrosynthesis, comprising providing organic material comprising at least one source of readily available carbon, at least one complex carbon-containing compound and at least one source of protein and contacting the organic material with preparatory catalyst is provided. The organic material is subjected to a size reduction process to produce size-reduced organic material and a solid to liquid ratio of the size-reduced organic material is adjusted to form organic material slurry. The organic material slurry is subjected to a fermentation process to produce amended organic material, by applying a process catalyst to at least a portion of the organic material slurry. A liquid is recovered from the amended organic material and transferred to a fermentation chamber, where it is subjected to a fermentation process to produce amended liquid by applying balancing catalyst to the liquid. The amended liquid is the catalyst.

The present invention relates to an apparatus of manufacturing an aerogel sheet. The apparatus of manufacturing the aerogel sheet includes: a plurality of fixing vessels into which a fiber sheet is inserted; and an impregnation vessels provided with an accommodation part in which the plurality of fixing vessels are stacked in multistage and a silica precursor injection part which injects a silica precursor into the accommodation part to impregnate the silica precursor into the fiber sheet inserted into each of the fixing vessels.

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an aerogel sheet and comprises: a step (a) of impregnating an acid solution into a fiber sheet to clean the fiber sheet by using the acid solution and impregnating a binder solution into the fiber sheet that is cleaned by using the acid solution to manufacture a pre-processed fiber sheet; a step (b) of impregnating a silica precursor into the pre-processed fiber sheet; and a step (c) of a gelling catalyst into the fiber sheet into which the silica precursor is impregnated to gelate the silica precursor.

The present disclosure relates to an ionic liquid composition and a process for its preparation. The process of the present disclosure is simple, single pot and efficient process for preparing the ionic liquid composition which is effective in a Friedel Craft reaction like, alkylation reaction, trans-alkylation, and acylation.

The present disclosure envisages an ionic liquid composition comprising at least one metal hydroxide; at least one metal halide; and at least one solvent. Also envisaged is a process for preparing an ionic liquid composition. The process comprises mixing in a reaction vessel, at least one metal hydroxide and at least one metal halide in the presence of at least one solvent under a nitrogen atmosphere and continuous stirring followed by cooling under continuous stirring to obtain the ionic liquid composition.

Disclosed is an oxidation process to produce a crude carboxylic acid product carboxylic acid product. The process comprises oxidizing a feed stream comprising at least one oxidizable compound to generate a crude carboxylic acid slurry comprising furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and compositions thereof. Also disclosed is a process to produce a dry purified carboxylic acid product by utilizing various purification methods on the crude carboxylic acid.

A device for facilitating a chemical reaction while submerged in a liquid catalyst includes an upper member, a lower member, and a dissolvable member disposed between and ultimately enclosed by said upper and lower members such that upper and lower chambers are formed having substantially equal volumes. The upper chamber may receive a dry sodium chlorite and the lower chamber may receive a dry acid mixture. In order to keep the device submerged in the liquid catalyst, an inert ballast may also be added to the upper and/or lower chamber, such as glass shards.