Provided is a single atom catalyst based on a carbon nanotube according to the present invention including a carbon support; and single atom metals supported on the carbon support, wherein the carbon support has a cone shape with an empty space formed therein and includes at least one carbon support having an open tip of the corn-shaped carbon support.

A method of producing a Se/Biochar-AuBi.sub.2O.sub.3/TiO.sub.2 catalyst includes acid treatment of a palm waste with phosphoric acid to form an acid-treated palm waste, carbonizing the acid-treated palm waste to form an acid-treated biochar, and chlorinating acyl groups present on the acid-treated biochar with oxalyl chloride to form a chlorinated biochar. The method may include reacting the chlorinated biochar with an organoselenium compound to form an organoselenium-functionalized biochar and mixing the organoselenium-functionalized biochar with Au-doped Bi.sub.2O.sub.3/TiO.sub.2 particles to form the Se/Biochar-AuBi.sub.2O.sub.3/TiO.sub.2 catalyst.

A method of producing a Se/Biochar-AuBi.sub.2O.sub.3/TiO.sub.2 catalyst includes acid treatment of a palm waste with phosphoric acid to form an acid-treated palm waste, carbonizing the acid-treated palm waste to form an acid-treated biochar, and chlorinating acyl groups present on the acid-treated biochar with oxalyl chloride to form a chlorinated biochar. The method may include reacting the chlorinated biochar with an organoselenium compound to form an organoselenium-functionalized biochar and mixing the organoselenium-functionalized biochar with Au-doped Bi.sub.2O.sub.3/TiO.sub.2 particles to form the Se/Biochar-AuBi.sub.2O.sub.3/TiO.sub.2 catalyst.

Two different types of catalysts are disclosed. The first catalyst has a porous support that is impregnated with an active metal catalyst. The support surrounds a metallic core, which functions to increase the bulk heat capacity of the catalyst, thereby damping temperature swings during use. The second catalyst also has a porous support that is impregnated with an active metal catalyst, which is heterogeneously distributed so that the catalyst is concentrated at or near the surface of the support structure. This is accomplished by impregnating the catalyst by pouring a molten metal catalyst over the bulk catalyst supports. This method allows of a small volume of molten catalyst relative to the pore volume of the support and concentrates the catalyst in a band near the surface of the supports.

A novel pt/pd sodalite caged catalyst combination with sulfided base metal catalyst for improved catalytic hydroprocessing of renewable feedstock. Particularly, the invention relates to a process for preparation of the said catalyst. More particularly, the invention relates to a process for the preparation of hydrocarbon fuel from the feed stock using a said catalyst. Further, the invention discloses a novel catalyst and a process for the preparation of the Pt/Pd encapsulated in sodalite cage with silica-alumina ZSM-5 synthesized around it supported with nickel, molybdenum, cobalt, tungsten or one or more thereof. The invention also provides process to convert vegetable oils, free fatty acids, and microbial lipids, bio-crude and conventional non-renewable crude based feed stocks such as diesel, naphtha, kerosene, gas oil, residue, etc., into gasoline, aviation, diesel, fuel and other hydrocarbons fuel with reduced coke formation and hydrogen generation due to formation of napthenes and aromatics using the novel catalyst.

Metal oxide ceramic compounds are described that have a high capacity for oxidation of chemical or biological entities through the generation of reactive oxygen species spontaneously without the need for light, heat, electricity, or additional chemical constituents. These materials have at least one metal ion which displays multiple valence states. Applications include the decomposition of toxic chemicals, the inactivation of pathogens, and the prevention of biofouling.

The present invention is to provide fine catalyst particles to which sulfate ions are less likely to be adsorbed, and a carbon-supported catalyst to which sulfate ions are less likely to be adsorbed. Disclosed is a method for producing fine catalyst particles comprising a fine palladium-containing particle and a platinum-containing outermost layer covering at least part of the fine palladium-containing particle, wherein the method comprises: a copper covering step of covering at least part of the fine palladium-containing particle with copper by preparing a second dispersion by mixing a first dispersion comprising fine palladium-containing particles being dispersed in an acid solution with a copper-containing solution, and applying a potential that is nobler than the oxidation reduction potential of copper to the fine palladium-containing particles in the second dispersion, and a platinum covering step of covering at least part of the fine palladium-containing particle with platinum by substituting the copper covering at least part of the fine palladium-containing particle with platinum by mixing the second dispersion and a platinum-containing solution after the copper covering step, with applying a constant potential that is in a range between a potential that is nobler than the oxidation reduction potential of copper and a potential that is less than the oxidation reduction potential of platinum, to the fine palladium-containing particles.

Nanocatalysts and methods of using the same to obtain aromatic hydrocarbon compounds from a source of carbon atoms and a source of hydrogen atoms in a single reaction step is provided. The catalyst comprises an Fe/Fe.sub.3O.sub.4 nanocatalyst that may be supported on a non-reactive support material such as a zeolite or alumina CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 are preferred sources of carbon and hydrogen atoms for the reaction. The aromatic hydrocarbon compounds produced are suitable for direct usage as fuel without need for further refining.

The specification describes a catalyst for the hydrodeoxygenation of alcohols, comprising: 0.1 to 1.5 wt % palladium; 1.0 to 5.0 wt % molybdenum; and 0.05 to 0.5 wt % tin; on a zirconia support. Also described is a method for manufacturing the catalyst and a hydrodeoxygenation process using the catalyst.

A smart catalyst support with real-time temperature field monitoring and dynamic regulation in the reaction zone is provided. Specifically for a variety of different properties of the material composition of the three-dimensional porous structure; three-dimensional porous structure using multi-material 3D printing technology and selective carbonization process manufacturing and forming; the three-dimensional porous structure consists of three parts: thermoelectric phase, conductor phase and structural phase, responsible for temperature field perception, temperature field regulation and electrical isolation, respectively; temperature field sensing is realized by the combination of thermoelectric phase and conductor to form a thermocouple using the Seebeck effect; temperature field regulation is realized by generating joule heat to the input current of the conductor phase; the temperature field sensing and temperature field regulation process are interconnected from electrical isolation by structural phase, using the insulation properties of the structural phase to achieve.