The present invention relates to a process for preparing fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts having porosity and accessibility controlled by the activity of water-soluble porogens. The catalyst produced can be used as an additive for fluid cracking, as additives for SOx and NOx reduction, as a combustion promoter and reduction of sulfur in cracked naphtha. It can also be used in hydrocracking, as a support for hydrotreating catalysts, catalytic pyrolysis of post-consumer polymers (rubber tires, plastic films, and so on) and pyrolysis of biomass.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts having porosity and accessibility controlled by the activity of water-soluble porogens. The catalyst produced can be used as an additive for fluid cracking, as additives for SOx and NOx reduction, as a combustion promoter and reduction of sulfur in cracked naphtha. It can also be used in hydrocracking, as a support for hydrotreating catalysts, catalytic pyrolysis of post-consumer polymers (rubber tires, plastic films, and so on) and pyrolysis of biomass.

Provided is a catalyst for manufacturing an unsaturated aldehyde and/or an unsaturated carboxylic acid, which is prepared by a method in which a molybdenum component raw material is composed of only an ammonium molybdate, the weight of water for dissolution is 8.5 times or less relative to the weight of molybdenum contained in the ammonium molybdate; and a bismuth component raw material is composed of only bismuth nitrate, the weight of a nitric acid aqueous solution for dissolution is 2.3 times or more relative to the weight of bismuth contained in the bismuth nitrate, and a nitric acid concentration in the nitric acid aqueous solution for dissolving the bismuth nitrate is 10% by weight or more.

Disclosed in certain embodiments are ZSM-5 zeolite microspheres. Disclosed in certain embodiments is a method of forming ZSM-5 zeolite microspheres including: 1) shaping a mixture into microspheres where the mixture includes a silica material and of particulates selected from at least one high-density material with an absolute bulk density of at least 0.3 g/cc, ZSM-5 zeolite crystals, and combinations thereof; 2) calcining the microspheres; and 3) reacting and subsequently heating the microspheres with at least one alkali solution to form ZSM-5 zeolite in-situ on the microspheres, where the ZSM-5 zeolite microspheres contain substantially no clay or calcined clay material.

The present invention refers to lightweight and settable photocatalytic compositions and solid composites; methods of preparing the compositions and solid composites; and their use in water purification. The compositions are comprised of photocatalysts such as titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) and zinc oxide (ZnO), lightweight glass bubbles, and a hydraulic cementing binder. The lightweight and settable photocatalytic compositions can be formed into lightweight photocatalytic solid composites and/or structures by mixing with water and moist curing. This invention also describes relatively simple, fast, and cost effective methodologies to photodope the TiO.sub.2ZnO compositions and composites with silver (Ag), to enhance and extend the photocatalytic activity from the ultraviolet into the visible light spectrum. The lightweight and settable TiO.sub.2ZnO and AgTiO.sub.2ZnO compositions are used in making solids, structures, coatings, and continuous or semi-continuous water purification panels for purifying contaminated water.

Spheroidal catalyst support, supported catalyst, and method of preparing and using the catalyst for hydrodemetallation of metal-containing heavy oil feedstocks are disclosed. The catalyst supports comprise titania alumina having 5 wt % or less titania and have greater than 30% percent of their pore volume in pores having a diameter of between 200 and 500 ?. Catalysts prepared from the supports contain Group 6, 9 and 10 metals or metal compounds supported on the titania alumina supports. Catalysts in accordance with the invention exhibit improved catalytic activity and stability to remove metals from heavy feedstocks during a hydrotreating process. The catalysts also provide increased sulfur and MCR conversion during a hydrotreating process.

Waste treatment and recycling of a carbon fiber-reinforced plastic and a glass fiber-reinforced plastic are difficult owing to their excellent characteristics. The present invention has been completed on the basis of the finding that a reinforcing material can be recovered with high efficiency by bringing heated titanium oxide granules into contact with a reinforced plastic.

A hollow porous carbon nitride nanospheres composite loaded with AgBr nanoparticles, preparation method thereof, and its application in dye degradation are disclosed. Using silica nanosphere with core-shell structure as a template and hydrogen cyanamide as precursor, melting to enter the pores of mesoporous silica, after calcination, the silica template is etched with ammonium bifluoride to obtain hollow porous carbon nitride nanospheres; dispersing hollow porous carbon nitride nanospheres in deionized water, adding silver nitrate and sodium bromide in sequence, and obtaining silver bromide nanoparticles by in-situ ion exchange method, stirring, washing and centrifuging to obtain the hollow porous carbon nitride nanospheres composite. The hollow porous carbon nitride prepared by the template method has good photocatalytic effect on dye degradation after composite with silver bromide; and it has the advantages of easy production of raw materials, good stability, reusability, etc. It has application prospects in the treatment of dyes.

A particulate material and a process for the production thereof are provided, which particulate material comprises zeolitic particles having a crystalline structure, which contain as the main component a zeolite material having a zeolitic framework structure formed from Si, O and optionally Al, and/or a zeolite-like material having a zeolitic framework structure which is formed not only from Si, O and optionally Al, wherein the zeolitic particles are in the form of essentially spherical particles with nanometer dimensions.

A catalyst for a selective conversion of hydrocarbons. The catalyst includes a first component selected from the group consisting of Group VIII noble metals and mixtures thereof, a second component selected from the group consisting of alkali metals or alkaline-earth metals and mixtures thereof, and a third component selected from the group consisting of tin, germanium, lead, indium, gallium, thallium and mixtures thereof. The catalyst is a support formed as a spherical catalyst particle with an average pore diameter between 200 to 350 Angstroms, a porosity of at least 75% and an apparent bulk density between 0.60 and 0.3 g/cc. Also, a process of using such a catalyst for a selective hydrocarbon conversion reaction and a process for regenerating such a catalyst by removing coke from same.