A catalyst material includes molybdenum (Mo): vanadium (V). the molar ratio of Mo:V being between 1:0.12 and 1:0.49; tellurium (Te), the molar ratio of Mo:Te being between 1:0.01 and 1:0.30; niobium (Nb), the molar ratio of Mo:Nb being between 1:0.01 and 1:0.30; and beryllium (Be), the molar ratio of Mo:Be being from 1:1 to 1:50.

An object of the present invention is to provide a CeO.sub.2ZrO.sub.2-based complex oxide having a sufficiently reduced particle size and a method for producing the CeO.sub.2ZrO.sub.2-based complex oxide, and there are provided a complex oxide containing a zirconium element, a cerium element, and optionally another rare earth metal element, wherein D.sub.50 and D.sub.90 of the complex oxide measured by a laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution measurement method are 0.5 ?m or less and 1 ?m or less, respectively, and a method for producing the complex oxide.

The present invention relates to a novel supramolecular self-assembly, a carbon nitride and a photocatalyst using same, and a manufacturing method therefor. The present invention can provide, by using a supramolecular self-assembly, a carbon nitride having a high NC?N bonding ratio, a photocatalyst having excellent photocatalytic activity under visible light, and a manufacturing method therefor, the supramolecular self-assembly comprising: a plurality of complex units formed by hydrogen bonding two or more nitrogen-containing compounds to each other; and linker units connecting the plurality of complex units by hydrogen bonds, wherein the nitrogen-containing compounds and the linker units are each independently a NH group and capable of hydrogen bonding with the NH group, and the supramolecular self-assembly contains one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S, and O.

Provided are a novel nickel foam having a hierarchical pore structure, a method of producing the same, and an application thereof. Unlike a conventional nickel foam, the nickel foam has a well-developed hierarchical pore structure including pores having a size of 4 ?m or less in addition to inherent macropores having a size of 100 ?m to 900 ?m, and thus, may have a significantly large specific surface area. Accordingly, the nickel foam may be variously applied to an electrochemical reaction such as a water electrolysis system and an exhaust gas purification filter.

An object of the present disclosure is to provide a thin-film-like composite of nanocrystal, as a nanocrystalline material having excellent handling properties, which can overcome the above-mentioned problems of a nanocrystalline material having a powdery form while satisfactorily maintaining the properties of the nanocrystalline material (e.g., excellent catalytic activity). A thin-film-like composite of nanocrystal, characterized in that the thin-film-like composite of nanocrystal includes a thin-film-like connected assembly in which a plurality of nanocrystalline pieces each having a flake-like form and having a main surface and an end surface are connected to each other, the main surfaces of the plurality of nanocrystalline pieces exposed to the outside of the connected assembly are arranged so as to form gaps therebetween, and the connected assembly has a plan view area of 1 mm.sup.2 or more.

A zirconia-based porous body including an oxide of a rare earth element, in which when a pore volume in a pore distribution range of 30 nm or more and 200 nm or less after heating at 1150? C. for 12 hours under atmospheric pressure is defined as pore volume A and a pore volume in a pore distribution range of 30 nm or more and 200 nm or less before heating is defined as pore volume B, the pore volume A is 0.10 ml/g or more and 0.40 ml/g or less, and a pore volume retention ratio X in a pore distribution range of 30 nm or more and 200 nm or less represented by a formula [[(pore volume A)/(pore volume B)]?100] is 25% or more and 95% or less.

A zirconia-based porous body including an oxide of a rare earth element, in which when a pore volume in a pore distribution range of 30 nm or more and 200 nm or less after heating at 1150? C. for 12 hours under atmospheric pressure is defined as pore volume A and a pore volume in a pore distribution range of 30 nm or more and 200 nm or less before heating is defined as pore volume B, the pore volume A is 0.10 ml/g or more and 0.40 ml/g or less, and a pore volume retention ratio X in a pore distribution range of 30 nm or more and 200 nm or less represented by a formula [[(pore volume A)/(pore volume B)]?100] is 25% or more and 95% or less.

An object of the present invention is to provide a catalyst that enables production of an unsaturated carboxylic acid and/or unsaturated carboxylic acid ester represented by methyl methacrylate with high selectivity. The object is achieved by a catalyst including: one or more elements selected from boron, magnesium, zirconium, hafnium, and titanium; one or more elements selected from alkali metal elements; and silica; the catalyst having a peak height ratio I.sub.2/I.sub.1 of 0 to 1.2, wherein I.sub.1 represents the peak height at 417?10 cm.sup.?1, and I.sup.2 represents the peak height at 1050?10 cm.sup.?1, as obtained by Raman spectroscopy.

Bulk catalysts comprised of nickel, molybdenum, tungsten and titanium and methods for synthesizing bulk catalysts are provided. The catalysts are useful for hydroprocessing, particularly hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation, of hydrocarbon feedstocks.

The present invention provides a porous metal-containing carbon-based material that is stable at high temperatures under aqueous conditions. The porous metal-containing carbon-based materials are particularly useful in catalytic applications. Also provided, are methods for making and using porous shaped metal-carbon products prepared from these materials.