The present disclosure relates to methods for selectively hydrogenating acetylene, to methods for starting up a selective hydrogenation reactor, and to hydrogenation catalysts useful in such methods. In one aspect, the disclosure provides a method for selectively hydrogenating acetylene, the method comprising contacting a catalyst composition with a process gas. The catalyst composition comprises a porous support, palladium, and one or more ionic liquids. The process gas includes ethylene, present in the process gas in an amount of at least 20 mol. %; and acetylene, present in the process gas in an amount of at least 1 ppm. At least 90% of the acetylene present in the process gas is hydrogenated, and the selective hydrogenation is conducted without thermal runaway. Notably, the process gas is contacted with the catalyst at a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) based on total catalyst volume in one bed or multiple beds of at least 7,100 h.sup.−1.

Generally, it is disclosed a catalyst for use in a hydrotreating hydrocarbon feedstocks and the method of making such catalyst. It is generically provided that the catalyst comprises at least one Group VIB metal component, at least one Group VIII metal component, about 1 to about 30 wt % C, and preferably about 1 to about 20 wt % C, and more preferably about 5 to about 15 wt % C of one or more sulfur containing organic additive and a titanium-containing carrier component, wherein the amount of the titanium component is in the range of about 3 to about 60 wt %, expressed as an oxide (TiO.sub.2) and based on the total weight of the catalyst. The titanium-containing carrier is formed by co-extruding or precipitating a titanium source with a Al.sub.2O.sub.3 precursor to form a porous support material comprising Al.sub.2O.sub.3 or by impregnating a titanium source onto a porous support material comprising Al.sub.2O.sub.3.

To provide an egg shell-type platinum-loaded alumina catalyst demonstrating excellent performance in terms of catalyst life, an egg shell-type platinum-loaded alumina catalyst includes: an alumina carrier; platinum dispersed and loaded on an outer shell of the alumina carrier; and one or more second components selected from the group consisting of vanadium, chromium, molybdenum, and phosphorus. Preferably, the content of platinum is 0.05 to 5.0 wt % calculated as elemental platinum. The content of each second component preferably is 0.1 to 5.0 wt % calculated as each element. The alumina carrier has a surface area of 150 m.sup.2/g or more, a pore volume of 0.40 cm.sup.3/g or more, and an average pore diameter of 40 to 300 Å, with pores having a pore diameter in a range of ±30 Å from the average pore diameter occupying 60% or more of a total pore volume.

The present invention relates to a process for the production of butadiene by condensation of ethanol using a catalyst containing sillica-supported elements from group 3A and group 4B of the periodic table. The catalyst of the present invention has high activity and selectivity to butadiene in the synthesis reaction of said olefin from ethanol.

Disclosed is a catalyst for producing an olefin, the catalyst having an excellent conversion and excellent selectivity, and a method for preparing the catalyst. The catalyst for producing an olefin, according to the present invention, includes: a support including alumina and an auxiliary support component; a main catalyst including an active metal oxide supported on the support; and a co-catalyst including an oxide of an alkali metal and a Group 6B transition metal.

Disclosed are a photocatalyst and application thereof in environmentally friendly photocatalytic treatment of a power battery. The photocatalyst is obtained by loading Ag-TaON on a hollow glass microsphere, wherein a mass ratio of the Ag-TaON to the hollow glass microsphere is 1: 5 to 10. According to the invention, the Ag-TaON and the hollow glass microsphere are compounded, the hollow glass microsphere has better light permeability, which avoids mutual shielding between catalysts, such that the photocatalyst filled in a reactor is fully excited, which is capable of effectively improving a light utilization rate, thus improving the catalytic conversion efficiency of the photocatalyst.

The present invention provides a photocatalyst particle comprising titanium dioxide particles, a zeolite particle, and a carbon layer. The titanium dioxide particles are adsorbed on a part of an external surface of the zeolite particle. The carbon layer coats a part of an external surface of the zeolite particle other than the part of the external surface of the zeolite particle on which the titanium dioxide particles are adsorbed. The carbon layer is in contact with a part of surfaces of the titanium dioxide particles. At least a part of the other part of the surfaces of the titanium dioxide particles is not coated with the carbon layer and are exposed on a surface of the photocatalyst particle. The present invention provides a photocatalyst particle used even in an alkaline aqueous solution.

A method comprising a) contacting a solvent, a carboxylic acid, and a peroxide-containing compound to form an acidic mixture wherein a weight ratio of solvent to carboxylic acid in the acidic mixture is from about 1:1 to about 100:1; b) contacting a titanium-containing compound and the acidic mixture to form a solubilized titanium mixture wherein an equivalent molar ratio of titanium-containing compound to carboxylic acid in the solubilized titanium mixture is from about 1:1 to about 1:4 and an equivalent molar ratio of titanium-containing compound to peroxide-containing compound in the solubilized titanium mixture is from about 1:1 to about 1:20; and c) contacting a chromium-silica support comprising from about 0.1 wt. % to about 20 wt. % water and the solubilized titanium mixture to form an addition product and drying the addition product by heating to a temperature in a range of from about 50° C. to about 150° C. and maintaining the temperature in the range of from about 50° C. to about 150° C. for a time period of from about 30 minutes to about 6 hours to form a pre-catalyst.

An exhaust gas purification device includes a substrate including an upstream end and a downstream end and having a length Ls; a first containing Pd particles, extending between the upstream end and a first position, and being in contact with the substrate; a second containing Rh particles, extending between the downstream end and a second position, and being in contact with the substrate; and a third catalyst layer containing Rh particles, extending between the upstream end and a third position, and being in contact with at least the first catalyst layer, wherein an average of a Rh particle size distribution is from 1.0 to 2.0 nm, and a standard deviation of the Rh particle size distribution is 0.8 nm or less in each of the second catalyst layer and the third catalyst layer.

A selective hydrogenation catalyst comprising an active phase based on nickel and molybdenum, and a porous support consisting of alumina and/or nickel aluminate, characterized in that the molar ratio between the nickel and the molybdenum is greater than 2.5 mol/mol and less than 3.0 mol/mol.