A catalyst for the carbonylation of dimethyl ether to methyl acetate. The catalyst comprises a zeolite, such as a mordenite zeolite, at least one Group IB metal, such as copper, and/or at least one Group VIII metal, such as iron, and at least one Group IIB metal, such as zinc. Such a catalyst with combined metals provides enhanced catalytic activity, improved stability, and improved selectivity to methyl acetate, and does not require a halogen promoter, as compared to a metal-free or copper only zeolite.

A catalyst for the carbonylation of dimethyl ether to methyl acetate. The catalyst comprises a zeolite, such as a mordenite zeolite, at least one Group IB metal, such as copper, and/or at least one Group VIII metal, such as iron, and at least one Group IIB metal, such as zinc. Such a catalyst with combined metals provides enhanced catalytic activity, improved stability, and improved selectivity to methyl acetate, and does not require a halogen promoter, as compared to a metal-free or copper only zeolite.

A catalyst fibrous structure having a catalyst metal carried on a fibrous structure, wherein (a) a Log differential micropore volume distribution curve thereof obtained by measurement using a mercury intrusion technique has a peak having a maximum micropore diameter in the range of from 0.1 m to 100 m: (b) a Log, differential micropore volume at the peak is 0.5 mL/g or more; and (c) an amount of a catalyst metal compound and a binder carried per unit volume is 0.05 g/mL or more. Also, a production method for producing a catalyst fibrous structure.

A catalyst fibrous structure having a catalyst metal carried on a fibrous structure, wherein (a) a Log differential micropore volume distribution curve thereof obtained by measurement using a mercury intrusion technique has a peak having a maximum micropore diameter in the range of from 0.1 m to 100 m: (b) a Log, differential micropore volume at the peak is 0.5 mL/g or more; and (c) an amount of a catalyst metal compound and a binder carried per unit volume is 0.05 g/mL or more. Also, a production method for producing a catalyst fibrous structure.

Methods are provided for generating or recovering gaseous materials such as hydrogen and solids such as metals through the smoldering combustion of an organic material. The methods include admixing a porous matrix material with an organic material, and, in some embodiments a catalyst, to produce a porous mixture. The mixture is exposed to an oxidant, initiating a self-sustaining smoldering combustion of the mixture, and collecting the vapors and combustion products or processing the porous matrix following combustion to physically separate the porous matrix material from ash containing inorganic materials of value. Additional embodiments aggregate the organic material or catalyst or porous matrix material or mixture thereof in an impoundment such as a reaction vessel, lagoon or matrix pile. Further embodiments utilize at least one heater to initiate combustion and at least one air supply port to supply oxidant to initiate and maintain combustion.

Methods are provided for generating or recovering gaseous materials such as hydrogen and solids such as metals through the smoldering combustion of an organic material. The methods include admixing a porous matrix material with an organic material, and, in some embodiments a catalyst, to produce a porous mixture. The mixture is exposed to an oxidant, initiating a self-sustaining smoldering combustion of the mixture, and collecting the vapors and combustion products or processing the porous matrix following combustion to physically separate the porous matrix material from ash containing inorganic materials of value. Additional embodiments aggregate the organic material or catalyst or porous matrix material or mixture thereof in an impoundment such as a reaction vessel, lagoon or matrix pile. Further embodiments utilize at least one heater to initiate combustion and at least one air supply port to supply oxidant to initiate and maintain combustion.

The present invention relates to a catalyst comprising manganese oxides wherein the manganese oxides comprise: MnO in an amount of 40-60 mole %, based on mole of Mn; Mn.sub.2O.sub.3 in an amount of 40-60 mole %, based on mole of Mn; and Mn.sub.3O.sub.4 in an amount of 1-10 mole %, based on mole of Mn. The present invention also relates to a method for preparing the catalysts and the use of the catalyst in an air purifier. The catalyst according to the present invention can effectively catalyze formaldehyde oxidation at ambient temperature so as to effectively remove indoor formaldehyde being present in relative low amounts.

The present invention relates to a catalyst comprising manganese oxides wherein the manganese oxides comprise: MnO in an amount of 40-60 mole %, based on mole of Mn; Mn.sub.2O.sub.3 in an amount of 40-60 mole %, based on mole of Mn; and Mn.sub.3O.sub.4 in an amount of 1-10 mole %, based on mole of Mn. The present invention also relates to a method for preparing the catalysts and the use of the catalyst in an air purifier. The catalyst according to the present invention can effectively catalyze formaldehyde oxidation at ambient temperature so as to effectively remove indoor formaldehyde being present in relative low amounts.

A process for the fluorination of a chlorinated C3 alkane or alkene compound having at least one chlorine atom into a fluorinated C3 alkane or alkene compound having at least one fluorine atom includes the following steps: a) contacting, in a reactor, the chlorinated compound with hydrogen fluoride in gas phase in the presence of a fluorination catalyst to produce a fluorinated compound, and b) regenerating the fluorination catalyst used in step a). The step (b) of regenerating the fluorination catalyst comprises (c) the treatment of said fluorination catalyst with an oxidizing agent-containing gas flow to form an oxidized fluorination catalyst, and (d) the treatment of the oxidized fluorination catalyst obtained in step (c) with a gaseous mixture comprising a reducing agent and an inert gas. The catalyst regenerated in step b) is reused in step a) and the reducing agent is selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.10 hydrohalocarbons.

A process for the fluorination of a chlorinated C3 alkane or alkene compound having at least one chlorine atom into a fluorinated C3 alkane or alkene compound having at least one fluorine atom includes the following steps: a) contacting, in a reactor, the chlorinated compound with hydrogen fluoride in gas phase in the presence of a fluorination catalyst to produce a fluorinated compound, and b) regenerating the fluorination catalyst used in step a). The step (b) of regenerating the fluorination catalyst comprises (c) the treatment of said fluorination catalyst with an oxidizing agent-containing gas flow to form an oxidized fluorination catalyst, and (d) the treatment of the oxidized fluorination catalyst obtained in step (c) with a gaseous mixture comprising a reducing agent and an inert gas. The catalyst regenerated in step b) is reused in step a) and the reducing agent is selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.10 hydrohalocarbons.