A method for the production of empty pullulan capsules eliminate the need to dry pullulan solid product, thereby reducing the equipment cost and energy consumption. The pullulan raw material production can be linked directly with the capsule production to provide a unique approach for empty capsule formation. The purified pullulan fermentation fluid can be directly used in capsule preparation, thus removing the need for a melting process. On the one hand, the method may decrease material consumption, save the cost of equipment and labor, reduce production time and increase productivity. On the other hand, the method may reduce the fluctuating of raw material quality in the re-melting process and guarantee a more stable capsule production and quality.

A method for the production of empty pullulan capsules eliminate the need to dry pullulan solid product, thereby reducing the equipment cost and energy consumption. The pullulan raw material production can be linked directly with the capsule production to provide a unique approach for empty capsule formation. The purified pullulan fermentation fluid can be directly used in capsule preparation, thus removing the need for a melting process. On the one hand, the method may decrease material consumption, save the cost of equipment and labor, reduce production time and increase productivity. On the other hand, the method may reduce the fluctuating of raw material quality in the re-melting process and guarantee a more stable capsule production and quality.

A bipolar membrane BP characterized in that particles 5 of a basic metal chloride are distributed in the interface between a cation-exchange membrane 1 and an anion-exchange membrane 3.

A bipolar membrane BP characterized in that particles 5 of a basic metal chloride are distributed in the interface between a cation-exchange membrane 1 and an anion-exchange membrane 3.

A continuous resin regeneration system includes a process by which resin in need of being recharged is continuously recharged and cleaned with a plurality of two-set filtration columns so that resin regeneration and the flow of influent is continuous and interrupted. Downstream filtration columns also undergo this cycling but at slower and related rates as the first column with the dirtiest water will naturally degrade resin faster than the downstream columns. Contaminated influent is cleaned by the continuously recharged resin in multiple column sets. The degree of cleaning of earlier filtration columns affects the resin flow rate of later filtration columns.

A continuous resin regeneration system includes a process by which resin in need of being recharged is continuously recharged and cleaned with a plurality of two-set filtration columns so that resin regeneration and the flow of influent is continuous and interrupted. Downstream filtration columns also undergo this cycling but at slower and related rates as the first column with the dirtiest water will naturally degrade resin faster than the downstream columns. Contaminated influent is cleaned by the continuously recharged resin in multiple column sets. The degree of cleaning of earlier filtration columns affects the resin flow rate of later filtration columns.

Water softening device includes water softening tank and neutralizing tank. Water softening tank softens raw water containing a hardness component by weakly acidic cation exchange resin. Water softening tank includes first water softening tank and second water softening tank. Neutralizing tank neutralizes the pH of softened water that has passed through water softening tank by weakly basic anion exchange resin. Neutralizing tank includes first neutralizing tank and second neutralizing tank. Water softening device is configured to cause raw water containing a hardness component to flow through first water softening tank, first neutralizing tank, second water softening tank, and second neutralizing tank in this order.

Water softening device includes water softening tank and neutralizing tank. Water softening tank softens raw water containing a hardness component by weakly acidic cation exchange resin. Water softening tank includes first water softening tank and second water softening tank. Neutralizing tank neutralizes the pH of softened water that has passed through water softening tank by weakly basic anion exchange resin. Neutralizing tank includes first neutralizing tank and second neutralizing tank. Water softening device is configured to cause raw water containing a hardness component to flow through first water softening tank, first neutralizing tank, second water softening tank, and second neutralizing tank in this order.

A method of producing treated ion exchange resin material includes exposing an enclosed vessel containing ion exchange resin and a pre-treatment solution to high energy radiation. The treated ion exchange resin material has reduced organic impurities or total organic carbon (TOC).

A method of producing treated ion exchange resin material includes exposing an enclosed vessel containing ion exchange resin and a pre-treatment solution to high energy radiation. The treated ion exchange resin material has reduced organic impurities or total organic carbon (TOC).