A water softening device includes a filter configured to decrease hardness of a first stream of raw water to produce a second stream of water with decreased hardness, a first sensor that measures an electrical property of the first stream, a second sensor that measures an electrical property of the second stream, and optionally, a third sensor that detects a water flow through the filter, wherein the filter includes an ion exchange resin operated in H.sup.+-mode, and the filter is buffered with at least one salt selected from the group of a potassium salt (K.sup.+), a sodium salt (Na.sup.+) and a lithium salt (Li.sup.+).

A multi tank water softener system in which multiple softeners can be selectively operated in parallel, alternating, or in series in either order. The system reduces risk of Legionella and pathogen grown while also reducing salt usage by up to 40%.

A continuous resin regeneration system includes a process by which resin in need of being recharged is continuously recharged and cleaned with a plurality of two-set filtration columns so that resin regeneration and the flow of influent is continuous and interrupted. Downstream filtration columns also undergo this cycling but at slower and related rates as the first column with the dirtiest water will naturally degrade resin faster than the downstream columns. Contaminated influent is cleaned by the continuously recharged resin in multiple column sets. The degree of cleaning of earlier filtration columns affects the resin flow rate of later filtration columns.

A continuous resin regeneration system includes a process by which resin in need of being recharged is continuously recharged and cleaned with a plurality of two-set filtration columns so that resin regeneration and the flow of influent is continuous and interrupted. Downstream filtration columns also undergo this cycling but at slower and related rates as the first column with the dirtiest water will naturally degrade resin faster than the downstream columns. Contaminated influent is cleaned by the continuously recharged resin in multiple column sets. The degree of cleaning of earlier filtration columns affects the resin flow rate of later filtration columns.

A water treatment system comprising an ion exchange vessel, a cationic resin located within the ion exchange vessel, and an anionic resin located within the ion exchange vessel.

A water treatment system comprising an ion exchange vessel, a cationic resin located within the ion exchange vessel, and an anionic resin located within the ion exchange vessel.

A semi-continuous or continuous method and system to improve all phases of ion-exchange resin regeneration such as backwash, resin separation, chemical treatment, slow rinse, fast rinse, resin mixing, and final QA/QC to reduce, reuse and recycle water and chemicals employed in ion-exchange resin regeneration operations. Aqueous media quality is controlled in both backwash as well as ion-exchange resin separation.

A semi-continuous or continuous method and system to improve all phases of ion-exchange resin regeneration such as backwash, resin separation, chemical treatment, slow rinse, fast rinse, resin mixing, and final QA/QC to reduce, reuse and recycle water and chemicals employed in ion-exchange resin regeneration operations. Aqueous media quality is controlled in both backwash as well as ion-exchange resin separation.

A continuous resin regeneration system includes a process by which resin in need of being recharged is continuously recharged and cleaned with a plurality of two-set filtration columns so that resin regeneration and the flow of influent is continuous and interrupted. Downstream filtration columns also undergo this cycling but at slower and related rates as the first column with the dirtiest water will naturally degrade resin faster than the downstream columns. Contaminated influent is cleaned by the continuously recharged resin in multiple column sets. The degree of cleaning of earlier filtration columns affects the resin flow rate of later filtration columns.

A continuous resin regeneration system includes a process by which resin in need of being recharged is continuously recharged and cleaned with a plurality of two-set filtration columns so that resin regeneration and the flow of influent is continuous and interrupted. Downstream filtration columns also undergo this cycling but at slower and related rates as the first column with the dirtiest water will naturally degrade resin faster than the downstream columns. Contaminated influent is cleaned by the continuously recharged resin in multiple column sets. The degree of cleaning of earlier filtration columns affects the resin flow rate of later filtration columns.