Provided herein is a method and a device for continuous synthesis of graphene. The device includes a container having a space for holding a carbon source, wherein the container has an entry opening for receiving the carbon source material, at least two electrodes for applying an electrical current through the space for joule heating the carbon source, wherein the space for joule heating the carbon source is between the at least to electrodes, and a movement component for moving the carbon source, with respect to the container, into the entry opening in a first direction and the at least two electrodes apply the electrical current in a second direction, wherein the first direction is not the same as the second direction.

The invention includes apparatus and methods for instantiating hydrogen in a nanoporous carbon powder.

A polymerization reactor for production of a super absorbent polymer including: a composition supply part for supplying a monomer composition solution; a central pipe connected to the composition supply part; a composition distribution part including a first connecting pipe that is obliquely connected to the central pipe at a first angle with respect to the central pipe; a pair of first branch pipes that are obliquely branched at a second angle with respect to the first connecting pipe; a conveyor belt located under the discharge port of the first branch pipe and on which the composition solution is deposited; and an energy supply part for supplying polymerization energy to the composition solution on the conveyor belt, wherein the first angle is an angle between the conveyor belt and the connecting pipe, and the second angle is an angle between the connecting pipe and each branch pipe.

A device includes a catalytic system and an electromagnetic system. The catalytic system defines a catalysis chamber and includes a catalyst of a reaction to generate a gas from a liquid. The catalyst is housed in the catalysis chamber. The electromagnetic system includes a coil and a rod mobile relative to the coil, the rod being fixed to the catalytic system and including a magnet and a core. The electromagnetic system is configured to move the rod relative to the coil when an electrical current is passed through the coil, so as to dispose the catalytic system in an open position in which the catalysis chamber is in fluidic communication with the outside. The catalytic system is disposed in a closed position in which the catalysis chamber is hermetically closed in the absence of an electrical current through the coil.

A torch stinger apparatus may comprise one or more sets of plasma generating electrodes and at least one hydrocarbon injector contained within the electrodes. The electrodes may be concentric. The at least one hydrocarbon injector may be cooled. A method of making carbon particles using the apparatus is also described.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, provided is a process for polymerizing molecular weight—adjustable polymer, comprising: a reactant supply step of supplying a gaseous monomer, a surfactant, and an initiator; a polymerization reaction step of performing a polymerization reaction in which the monomer, the surfactant, and the initiator participate; and a product discharging step of discharging the polymer compound produced by the polymerization reaction, wherein the flow rate of the supplied initiator is inversely proportional to the molecular weight of the polymer compound, and the molecular weight of the polymer compound produced by the polymerization reaction is adjusted by controlling the flow rate of the initiator.

Devices suitable for use in an advanced oxidation method for organic and inorganic pollutants deploying OH* radicals and ozone is disclosed. Optionally, a first discharge device, providing OH* radicals and second discharge device providing ozone, are combined to provide desirable chemical and biocidal characteristics. Further, efficient mixing systems for transferring the radicals to the target fluid are disclosed.

A universal chemical processor (UCP) including a reactor vessel with a main chamber, comprises inlets for feedstock, a fluidizing medium and reactants. The UCP further includes a reactive X-ray chemical processor (RXCP) having a large area hollow cylindrical cold cathode in the main chamber, a grid positioned concentrically with respect to the cathode, and an anode positioned concentrically with respect to the cathode and grid. In operation, when activated, the cathode of the RXCP emits electrodes onto the anode, which then emits X-rays into a radiation zone within the main chamber capable of ionizing feedstock and reactants, inducing chemical reactions, and sterilizing and decomposing organic materials within the radiation zone, and wherein, a fluidized bed is supported in the main chamber when the fluidizing medium and feedstock are supplied. The RXCP and the fluidized bed portions can be operated separately or in conjunction to achieve unanticipated results.

Aspects of the present disclosure involve a gliding-arc type plasma reactor for use in nitrogen-based fertilizer production. The plasma reactor may include a pair of electrodes oriented in a plane within an enclosure. A pair of sheaths may attach to a corresponding electrode, with each included a strike point surface oriented to face the other sheath. The electrodes may further include an inner channel through which a cooling fluid may be pumped for heat control. A gas injection system may also be included to inject a gas into the chamber for interacting with the plasma arc and may or may not include an adjustable nozzle. The nozzle may direct air flow, including the gas, at a location at which the plasma arc may occur. The device provides for a long lifetime of components within the device and easy replacement and maintenance of the components of high-wear items.

The invention includes a gas processing system for transforming a hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into outflow gas products, where the system includes a gas delivery subsystem, a plasma reaction chamber, and a microwave subsystem, with the gas delivery subsystem in fluid communication with the plasma reaction chamber, so that the gas delivery subsystem directs the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the plasma reaction chamber, and the microwave subsystem directs microwave energy into the plasma reaction chamber to energize the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas, thereby forming a plasma in the plasma reaction chamber, which plasma effects the transformation of a hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the outflow gas products, which comprise acetylene and hydrogen. The invention also includes methods for the use of the gas processing system.