Disclosed is an industrial method for efficient production of an ,-difluoroaldehyde compound, which includes reaction of an ,-difluoroacetate with hydrogen gas (H.sub.2) in the presence of a ruthenium catalyst and a base. By the adoption of specific reaction conditions (catalyst, base, pressure etc.), it is possible to produce the target ,-difluoroaldehyde compound with a high conversion rate and high selectivity.

The present invention relates to a novel method of producing a compound of Formula (I) from a compound of formula (II) by a novel cyclisation process, as well as a method of producing an acid adduct of the compound of Formula (I) wherein L represents a leaving group, and R represents hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted linear, branched and/or cyclic alkyl group that may contain one or more hetero atoms in the linear, branched and/or cyclic alkyl chain, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic group, a substituted or unsubstituted linear, branched and/or cyclic aralkyl or heteroaromatic alkyl group that may contain one or more hetero atoms in the linear, branched and/or cyclic alkanediyl chain, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkylaryl or alkyl heteroaromatic group with at least one linear, branched and/or cyclic alkyl residue that may contain one or more hetero atoms in the linear, branched and/or cyclic alkyl chain.

##STR00001##

In one embodiment, the present application discloses a catalyst composition comprising: a) a reaction solvent or a reaction medium; b) organometallic nanoparticles comprising: i) a nanoparticle (NP) catalyst, prepared by a reduction of an iron salt in an organic solvent, wherein the catalyst comprises at least one other metal selected from the group consisting of Pd, Pt, Au, Ni, Co, Cu, Mn, Rh, Ir, Ru and Os or mixtures thereof; c) a ligand; and d) a surfactant; wherein the metal or mixtures thereof is present in less than or equal to 50,000 ppm relative to the iron salt.

Disclosed is an industrial method for efficient production of an ,-difluoroaldehyde compound, which includes reaction of an ,-difluoroacetate with hydrogen gas (H.sub.2) in the presence of a ruthenium catalyst and a base. By the adoption of specific reaction conditions (catalyst, base, pressure etc.), it is possible to produce the target ,-difluoroaldehyde compound with a high conversion rate and high selectivity.

In one embodiment, the present application discloses a catalyst composition comprising: a) a reaction solvent or a reaction medium; b) organometallic nanoparticles comprising: i) a nanoparticle (NP) catalyst, prepared by a reduction of an iron salt in an organic solvent, wherein the catalyst comprises at least one other metal selected from the group consisting of Pd, Pt, Au, Ni, Co, Cu, Mn, Rh, Ir, Ru and Os or mixtures thereof; c) a ligand; and d) a surfactant; wherein the metal or mixtures thereof is present in less than or equal to 50,000 ppm relative to the iron salt.

Metal-organic framework (MOFs) compositions based on postsynthetic metalation of secondary building unit (SBU) terminal or bridging OH or OH.sub.2 groups with metal precursors or other post-synthetic manipulations are described. The MOFs provide a versatile family of recyclable and reusable single-site solid catalysts for catalyzing a variety of asymmetric organic transformations, including the regioselective boryiation and siiylation of benzyiic CH bonds, the hydrogenation of aikenes, imines, carbonyls, nitroarenes, and heterocycles, hydroboration, hydrophosphination, and cyclization reactions. The solid catalysts can also be integrated into a flow reactor or a supercritical fluid reactor.

The present invention relates to a tricyclic compound used as a GPR84 antagonist, and in particular relates to a tricyclic compound having a structure shown in formula I, and tautomers, stereoisomers, hydrates, solvates, pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof; the definitions of the ring Cy, L1, R1 are as described in the present invention; the tricyclic compound has significant GPR84 antagonism, good pharmaceutical developability and high safety.

##STR00001##

A hydroprocessing catalyst or catalyst precursor has been developed. The catalyst is a unique transition metal tungsten oxy-hydroxide material. The hydroprocessing using the transition metal tungsten oxy-hydroxide material or the decomposition product thereof may include hydrodenitrification, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodemetallation, hydrodesilication, hydrodearomatization, hydroisomerization, hydrotreating, hydrofining, and hydrocracking.

This disclosure relates to synthetic coupling methods using catalytic molecules. In certain embodiments, the catalytic molecules comprise heterocyclic thiolamide, S-acylthiosalicylamide, disulfide, selenium containing heterocycle, diselenide compound, ditelluride compound or tellurium containing heterocycle. Catalytic molecules disclosed herein are useful as catalysts in the transformation of hydroxy group containing compounds to amides, esters, ketones, and other carbon to heteroatom or carbon to carbon transformations.

A catalyst composition including the compound of Formula I as an internal electron donor, ##STR00001## wherein: R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are independently selected from a group consisting of hydrogen, straight, branched and cyclic alkyl and aromatic substituted and unsubstituted hydrocarbyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R.sub.7 is selected from a group consisting of straight, branched and cyclic alkyl and aromatic substituted and unsubstituted hydrocarbyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and R.sub.8 is selected from a group consisting of aromatic substituted and unsubstituted hydrocarbyl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms. Also disclosed is a process for preparing said polymerization catalyst composition; a polymerization catalyst system comprising said catalyst composition, a co-catalyst and optionally an external electron donor; a polyolefin obtainable by the process; and use of the compound of Formula I as in internal electron donor in catalysts for polymerization of olefins.