The present disclosure relates to an alumina having a surface area in the range of 330-400 m.sup.2/g, a pore volume in the range of 1.2-1.7 cc/g, and an average pore diameter in the range of 125-160 . The present disclosure also relates to alumina extrudates having a diameter in the range of 1 mm to 3 mm, a surface area in the range of 300-360 m.sup.2/g, a pore volume in the range of 0.8-1.3 cc/g and pore diameter in the range of 90-130 with a crushing strength in the range of 1-2.5 daN/mm. Further, the present disclosure relates to a process for the preparation of alumina and alumina extrudates. The alumina extrudates can be used as a support for catalyst preparation or as a catalyst or adsorbent in various processes. The process of the present disclosure enhances metal loading capacity, has better metal dispersion, and exhibit delay in deactivation of the catalyst due to mouth pore plugging.

A novel mixed oxide material is disclosed which contains molybdenum, vanadium, tellurium and niobium and the use of the molybdenum mixed oxide material as catalyst for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethene or the oxidation of propane to acrylic acid and a process for producing the mixed oxide material.

A novel mixed oxide material is disclosed which contains molybdenum, vanadium, tellurium and niobium and the use of the molybdenum mixed oxide material as catalyst for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethene or the oxidation of propane to acrylic acid and a process for producing the mixed oxide material.

The catalyst for ammoxidation of the present invention contains a catalyst particle containing molybdenum, bismuth and iron, and has a ratio of hollow particles of 23% or less. Furthermore, a method for producing the catalyst for ammoxidation includes a step of preparing a catalyst precursor slurry containing molybdenum, bismuth and iron and having a solid concentration of 30% by mass or less, a step of spray-drying the catalyst precursor slurry at a drier inlet temperature of 120 C. to 240 C. to thereby obtain a dried particle and a step of calcining the dried particle at 500 to 750 C.

The catalyst for ammoxidation of the present invention contains a catalyst particle containing molybdenum, bismuth and iron, and has a ratio of hollow particles of 23% or less. Furthermore, a method for producing the catalyst for ammoxidation includes a step of preparing a catalyst precursor slurry containing molybdenum, bismuth and iron and having a solid concentration of 30% by mass or less, a step of spray-drying the catalyst precursor slurry at a drier inlet temperature of 120 C. to 240 C. to thereby obtain a dried particle and a step of calcining the dried particle at 500 to 750 C.

Disclosed are ruthenium-based catalyst systems, hafnium-based catalyst systems, and yttrium-based catalyst systems for use in ammonia decomposition. Catalyst systems include ruthenium, hafnium, and/or yttrium optionally in combination with one or more additional metals that can be catalytic or catalyst promoters. Hafnium-based and yttrium-based catalyst systems can be free of ruthenium. The catalyst systems also include a support material. Disclosed catalyst systems can decompose ammonia at relatively low temperatures and can provide an efficient and cost-effective route to utilization of ammonia as a carbon-free hydrogen storage and generation material.

Disclosed are ruthenium-based catalyst systems, hafnium-based catalyst systems, and yttrium-based catalyst systems for use in ammonia decomposition. Catalyst systems include ruthenium, hafnium, and/or yttrium optionally in combination with one or more additional metals that can be catalytic or catalyst promoters. Hafnium-based and yttrium-based catalyst systems can be free of ruthenium. The catalyst systems also include a support material. Disclosed catalyst systems can decompose ammonia at relatively low temperatures and can provide an efficient and cost-effective route to utilization of ammonia as a carbon-free hydrogen storage and generation material.

The present invention provides a production method of a 3-cyanopyrrole compound possibly useful as an intermediate for pharmaceutical products. A production method of compound (II) including subjecting compound (I) to a reduction reaction, in which the aforementioned reduction reaction is continuous hydrogenation reaction in a fixed bed reactor filled with a supported metal catalyst. A production method of compound (III) including subjecting compound (I) to a reduction reaction followed by a cyclization reaction, in which the aforementioned reduction reaction is continuous hydrogenation reaction in a fixed bed reactor filled with a supported metal catalyst. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a catalyst and a method for preparing unsaturated carboxylic acid using the catalyst prepared according to the preparation method. According to the method for preparing a catalyst, unsaturated carboxylic acid can be provided from an unsaturated aldehyde with a high conversion rate and selectivity.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a catalyst and a method for preparing unsaturated carboxylic acid using the catalyst prepared according to the preparation method. According to the method for preparing a catalyst, unsaturated carboxylic acid can be provided from an unsaturated aldehyde with a high conversion rate and selectivity.