A substrate processing apparatus includes: a processing chamber in which a substrate is processed with a processing liquid; a nozzle having a discharge port from which the processing liquid is discharged, the discharge port being formed in a distal end portion of the nozzle; a nozzle bath including an accommodation chamber formed therein, wherein the distal end portion of the nozzle is accommodated in the accommodation chamber at a standby time at which the processing liquid is not supplied to the substrate; a circulation line configured to return the processing liquid, which is discharged from the nozzle to the nozzle bath, to the nozzle; and a first restraint part configured to restrain a gas from flowing between an outside of the nozzle bath and the processing liquid present inside the nozzle bath when the processing liquid discharged from the nozzle to the nozzle bath is circulated to the nozzle.

Illustrative embodiments employ catholyte scrubbers to provide higher concentrations of ozone in ozonated water than was possible in prior art systems and methods. Moreover, some embodiments employ scrubbers to increase the efficiency of production of ozonated water by producing such higher concentrations of ozone in ozonated water using the same amount, or less, power than prior art systems and methods. Some embodiments employ scrubbers to enable production of water with higher concentrations of ozone, and/or ozonated water in which the concentration of ozone decays more slowly, as compared to prior art methods.

A plumbing system for a shower or the like includes a mixing valve operable for delivering a water flow of adjustable temperature from a water source to a dispensing device downstream from the mixing valve. The system further includes a diverter valve between the mixing valve and the dispensing device, and operable to divert a selectively variable portion of the water from the mixing valve back to the water source. A thermochromic thermal indicator, downstream from the mixing valve, may advantageously provide a visible indication of the water flow having achieved a predetermined temperature. The thermal indicator may be a thermochromic PVC conduit, or it may be a fitting having an inlet, an outlet, a thermochromic PVC element therebetween, and a barrier located between the inlet and the outlet so as to define a flow path that includes an interior surface of the thermochromic element.

A water delivery system includes a mixing valve operable for delivering a water flow of adjustable temperature from a water source to a dispensing device downstream from the mixing valve; a thermochromic thermal indicator, fluidly coupled between the mixing valve and the dispensing device, that provides a visible indication of the water flow having achieved a predetermined temperature; and a diverter valve, fluidly coupled between the mixing valve and the dispensing device, and operable to direct the water flow selectively either to the dispensing device or back to the water source. The thermal indicator may be a thermochromic PVC conduit, or it may be a fitting having an inlet, an outlet, a thermochromic PVC element therebetween, and a barrier located between the inlet and the outlet so as to define a flow path that includes an interior surface of the thermochromic element.

The fluid dispensing system (100) comprises at least one fluid source (110), at least one pump (130-1, 130-2, 130-3, . . . , 130-N), at least one telescopic fluid dispenser (140-1, 140-2, 140-3, . . . , 140-M); a control unit (160) to operate the pump (130-1, 130-2, 130-3, . . . , 130-N) for supplying fluid (120) according to a received command of washing at least one target object (150-1, 150-2, 150-3, . . . , 150-O), a manifold (180), and at least one control valve assembly (V-1, V-2, . . . , V-P) comprising a fluid inlet for receiving fluid from the at least one fluid source (110), a first fluid outlet for discharging fluid into the at least one telescopic fluid dispenser (140-1, 140-2, 140-3, . . . , 140-M), and a second fluid outlet for allowing fluid to flow back away from the telescopic fluid dispensers (140-1, 140-2, 140-3, . . . , 140-M) when retracting from the extended position to the rest position.

An automatic return shower head and a use method thereof are provided. The automatic return shower head comprises a handle, a valve body, a water distribution disc, a switching return assembly and a shower head body configured to be connected with the handle and having a water outlet passage communicating with a water supply passage of the handle. The valve body is provided with water distribution hole(s), fixed to a joint between the shower head body and the handle, and located between the water supply passage and the water outlet passage. The water distribution disc is provided inside the joint and rotates relative to the valve body. The switching return assembly comprises a switching assembly linked with the water distribution disc, a knob provided on a wall surface of the joint and linked with the switching assembly, and a return portion linked with the knob.

A hydration system is provided. The hydration system includes a container configured to receive and maintain a quantity of liquid, a pump connected to the container, a hose system comprising a plurality of hoses connected to the container and the pump and configured to receive liquid from the container, and an end piece connected to one of the plurality of hoses configured to be used by a user of the hydration system. The pump is configured to circulate liquid through the hose system and container to maintain a relatively similar liquid temperature for all liquid contained in the hose system and container.

The disclosure concerns a coating device for coating components with a coating agent, in particular for painting motor vehicle body components with a paint, with a printhead for applying the coating agent to the component, and with a coating agent supply for supplying the printhead with the coating agent to be applied, wherein the coating agent flows from the coating agent supply to the printhead at a specific coating agent pressure and a specific flow rate. The disclosure provides that the coating supply will control the coating agent pressure and/or the flow rate of the coating agent. Furthermore, the disclosure includes an associated operating method.

A fluid application system includes a fluid supply line connected to a fluid supply, a plurality of nozzle assemblies connected in fluid communication with the fluid supply line, and a return line. Each nozzle assembly includes an inlet connected to the fluid supply line, a nozzle defining a spray outlet, a return line outlet, and an electrically actuated three-way valve fluidly connected between the inlet and each of the spray outlet and the return line outlet. The three-way valve is configured to alternately direct fluid from the inlet to the return line outlet and the spray outlet. The return line is connected in fluid communication with the return line outlet of each nozzle assembly, and is configured to direct fluid from the return line outlet to the fluid supply line.

The invention relates to a spray arrangement having at least one return flow nozzle for injecting liquid into a process environment, having a storage tank for the liquid to be injected, at least one return flow nozzle, at least one feed line from the storage tank to the at least one return flow nozzle, at least one pump in the feed line, at least one return line from the return flow nozzle to the storage tank and at least one regulating valve for regulating a liquid quantity injected by the at least one return flow nozzle, wherein at least one further nozzle is provided, which is connected to the feed line by means of a controllable valve for enabling and shutting off a liquid feed.