An ultraviolet curing apparatus having: a roller for guiding a film coated with a resin; a first nitrogen gas introduction port and a second nitrogen gas introduction port for introducing nitrogen gas; a UV irradiation portion for irradiating the film with ultraviolet rays from between the first nitrogen gas introduction port and the second nitrogen gas introduction port; an oxygen concentration meter for measuring an oxygen concentration between the film and the UV irradiation portion; an air introduction port for introducing air between the film and the UV irradiation portion; and a controller for controlling at least any one of: an amount of air introduced from the air introduction port, an amount of nitrogen gas introduced from the first nitrogen gas introduction port, and an amount of nitrogen gas introduced from the second nitrogen gas introduction port, so that the oxygen concentration is within a preset oxygen concentration set range.

The present disclosure is directed to a method for applying a multi-colored coating to a composite structure comprising applying a first co-curable film layer comprising a first color marking to a composite tool, applying a second co-curable film layer comprising a second color marking over the composite tool and at least partially over the first co-curable film layer to create a lay-up of a multi-colored marking, applying a composite structure over the lay-up of the multi-colored marking, and curing the lay-up of the multi-colored marking and the composite structure in a single curing step to create a cured multi-colored coating on the composite structure. A multi-colored coating for marking a composite structure and an aircraft part having a multi-colored marking are also provided.

A porous carbon material composite formed of a porous carbon material and a functional material and equipped with high functionality. The porous carbon material composite is formed of (A) a porous carbon material obtainable from a plant-derived material having a silicon (Si) content of 5 wt % or higher as a raw material; and (B) a functional material adhered on the porous carbon material, and has a specific surface area of 10 m.sup.2/g or greater as determined by the nitrogen BET method and a pore volume of 0.1 cm.sup.3/g or greater as determined by the BJH method and MP method.

This invention relates to a method for synthesizing polyoxymethylene on a substrate. The method includes depositing monomer capable of forming polyoxymethylene by an initiated polymerization reaction and an initiator, via initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) onto a surface of a substrate in an initiated chemical vapor deposition reactor.

Disclosed are silicon and carbon containing film forming compositions comprising a polycarbosilazane polymer or oligomer formulation that consists of silazane-bridged carbosilane monomers, the carbosilane containing at least two —SiH.sub.2— moieties, either as terminal groups (—SiH.sub.3R) or embedded in a carbosilane cyclic compound, wherein R is H, a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl- group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 linear, branched, or cyclic alkenyl- group, or combination thereof. Also disclosed are methods of forming a silicon and carbon containing film comprising forming a solution comprising a polycarbosilazane polymer or oligomer formulation and contacting the solution with the substrate via a spin-on coating, spray coating, dip coating, or slit coating technique to form the silicon and carbon containing film.

A substrate treating method for treating substrates with a substrate treating apparatus having an indexer section, a treating section and an interface section includes performing resist film forming treatment in parallel on a plurality of stories provided in the treating section and performing developing treatment in parallel on a plurality of stories provided in the treating section.

A manufacturing method of an indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film based on a solution method is disclosed. The manufacturing method includes: a step of providing an array substrate; a step of obtaining a dispersion solution by mixing ITO grains, an organic small molecule phase transfer agent, and an N-chlorosuccinimide (NCs) solution; a step of obtaining uniformly assembled ITO grains by coating the dispersion solution onto a passivation layer and baking to remove the organic small molecule phase transfer agent; and a step of obtaining the ITO thin film by annealing at an inert atmosphere to refine the ITO grains.

A system and/or method for coating a substrate. The system may include a chuck for holding and rotating the substrate, a dispensing subsystem for dispensing a coating material onto the substrate, and a shield member. The shield member may be movable towards and away from the substrate during the coating procedure. The shield member may have an inverted funnel shape. The shield member may include a central chamber through which a solvent vapor flows and a peripheral chamber that is fluidly separated from the central chamber through which a gas flows. During a coating procedure, the shield member may be moved very close to the substrate and the solvent vapor and gas may flow onto the substrate to create a solvent rich ambient around the substrate and prevent aerosols of the coating material from redepositing onto the substrate after being flung off due to spinning of the substrate.

Methods for treating cellulosic materials comprising introducing a liquid treating composition into the cellulosic material, the treating composition comprising a solution prepared from at least: (i) one or more of a copper amine complex or copper ammine complex, such as copper tetraamine carbonate, (ii) one or more of ammonia or a water-soluble amine and (iii) water; and exposing the cellulosic material provided thereby to carbon dioxide and/or carbonic acid to provide treated cellulosic material, and treated cellulosic materials prepared thereby.

In an embodiment, the present disclosure pertains to a method of forming a self-assembled monolayer coating on a surface of a substrate. In general, the method includes polishing the substrate, cleaning the substrate, and creating a plurality of bonding sites on the surface of the substrate for head groups of an organofunctional silane molecule to bond. In some embodiments, the creating includes at least one of a liquid-phase chemistry process or a dry plasma chemistry process. In some embodiments, the method further includes coating the substrate with a silane coating solution. In some embodiments, the coating is performed in a controlled environment. In some embodiments, the controlled environment includes an anhydrous environment free of at least one of water or moisture. In a further embodiment, the present disclosure pertains to a heat transfer composition having a coating thereon applied via the methods of the present disclosure.