A coating method includes a coating step of applying coating material to a workpiece, and a curing step of curing the coating material by irradiating the applied coating material with an electron beam emitted from an electron beam irradiation unit, wherein in the curing step, a potential of the workpiece is higher than a potential of the electron beam irradiation unit.

Described are radiation-curable formulations which produce coatings having high adhesion to sheets and low contraction. Also described is use of the radiation-curable formulations, and processes for coating sheets by means of these formulations.

Disclosed is a method for lithography patterning. The method includes providing a substrate, forming a deposition enhancement layer (DEL) over the substrate, and flowing an organic gas near a surface of the DEL. During the flowing of the organic gas, the method further includes irradiating the DEL and the organic gas with a patterned radiation. Elements of the organic gas polymerize upon the patterned radiation, thereby forming a resist pattern over the DEL. The method further includes etching the DEL with the resist pattern as an etch mask, thereby forming a patterned DEL.

Coated grain oriented electrical steel plates and methods of producing the same are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a method includes producing molten steel with from about 2.5 to about 4 weight percent silicon, from about 0.005 to about 0.1 weight percent carbon, and from about 90 to about 97.5 weight percent iron. The molten steel is cast into a slab and then cold rolled into a plate having a surface. The plate is decarbonized using a decarbonization anneal, and then recrystallized using a recrystallization anneal to produce grain oriented electrical steel. A coating is applied overlying the surface, where the coating includes an organic radiation curable crosslinking agent and a photo-initiator. The coating is cured by exposing it to a radiation source.

Compositions of matter described as urea (multi)-urethane (meth)acrylate-silanes having the general formula R.sub.A—NH—C(O)—N(R.sup.4)—R.sup.11—[O—C(O)NH—R.sub.S].sub.n, or R.sub.S—NH—C(O)—N(R.sup.4)—R.sup.11—[O—C(O)NH—R.sub.A].sub.n. Also described are articles including a substrate, a base (co)polymer layer on a major surface of the substrate, an oxide layer on the base (co)polymer layer; and a protective (co)polymer layer on the oxide layer, the protective (co)polymer layer including the reaction product of at least one urea (multi)-urethane (meth)acrylate-silane precursor compound. The substrate may be a (co)polymer film or an electronic device such as an organic light emitting device, electrophoretic light emitting device, liquid crystal display, thin film transistor, or combination thereof. Methods of making such urea (multi)-urethane (meth)acrylate-silane precursor compounds, and their use in composite films and electronic devices are also described. Methods of using multilayer composite films as barrier films in articles selected from solid state lighting devices, display devices, and photovoltaic devices are also described.

In this method for manufacturing a vehicle part, the following steps are implemented, applying a first varnish coat to a transparent part, applying a paint coat to the first varnish coat, applying a second varnish coat to the paint coat, and irradiating the paint coat and the second varnish coat in part with laser radiation.

An object of the present invention is to provide an active energy ray-curable coating composition including a specific resin component and at least one pigment (D) selected from the group consisting of a coloring pigment and a glitter pigment. The present invention provides an active energy ray-curable coating composition including a poly[(meth)acryloyloxyalkyl] isocyanurate (A); a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate (B) having 4 or more (meth)acrylate groups; an acrylic resin (C); and at least one pigment (D) selected from the group consisting of a coloring pigment and a glitter pigment, wherein the acrylic resin (C) has a weight-average molecular weight in the range of 5,000 to 30,000 and a solubility parameter in the range of 9.0 to 11.5.

A method for laser carving of paint on an outer surface of a vehicle wheel includes a step of priming: priming an outer surface of the wheel to form a painted surface; a step of laser carving: carving the primer from a selected area of the wheel by laser to remove the painted surface from the selected area, the selected area having an exposed area with metallic luster, and a step of fine-polish: polishing the outer surface of the wheel to form a fine-polished area at the exposed area. The painted surface on the wheel can be quickly removed to disclose a selected area with metallic luster, while the wheel is prevented from corrosion so as to reduce manufacturing cost and increase precision.

Decorative sheets used for decorative materials, such as for general fittings, and methods for producing, and prevents discoloration due to contact between chlorine and silver, including at least a polyvinyl chloride resin layer, a pattern layer, and a surface protective layer, the surface protective layer contains silver components including silver and is free from chlorine-containing components. The surface protective layer may be composed of a plurality of laminated layers that include at least one layer containing the silver components; the laminated layers of the surface protective layer may include at least one layer disposed adjacent to the polyvinyl chloride resin layer and being free from silver components; the silver components may each be supported on an inorganic substance; the surface protective layer may have a cross-linked structure; and the cross-linked structure of the surface protective layer may be formed by use of ultraviolet light or an electron beam.

Described herein is a method for producing a sealant. The method includes mixing a first material with a second material at a manufacturing site to produce the sealant. The method also includes applying x-ray energy to the sealant at the manufacturing site. The method includes measuring an amount of fluorescence emitted from the sealant in response to applying the x-ray energy. The method also includes calculating a mix ratio of the first and second materials of the sealant based on the amount of fluorescence. The method includes determining whether the mix ratio is within a predetermined mix ratio range.