The objective of the present invention is to provide an aqueous coating composition which has excellent curability at low temperatures. The present invention provides an aqueous coating composition which contains an aqueous resin having a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group (A), a water-dispersible blocked polyisocyanate compound (B), a hydrophilicized carbodiimide compound (C), and an aqueous polyurethane resin (D), wherein the aqueous resin having a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group (A) has a hydroxyl value of 80 to 200 mgKOH/g and an acid value of 10 to 40 mgKOH/g in terms of resin solid content, the aqueous polyurethane resin (D) has a glass transition point (Tg) of 50 C. or less, and a cured film of the aqueous polyurethane resin (D) has an elongation at break of 400% or more at 20 C.

Provided are an anode for electrolysis, which includes a metal base, and a catalyst layer disposed on at least one surface of the metal base, wherein the catalyst layer includes a composite metal oxide of ruthenium, iridium, titanium, and platinum, and a metal in the composite metal oxide does not include palladium, wherein, when the catalyst layer is equally divided into a plurality of pixels, a standard deviation of iridium compositions of the plurality of equally divided pixels is 0.40 or less, and a method of preparing the same.

A modification method of a surface of a base includes applying a composition on a surface layer of a base to form a coating film. The surface layer contains a metal atom. The coating is heated. The composition contains a polymer and a solvent. The polymer includes at an end of a main chain or at an end of a side chain thereof, a functional group that is at least one selected from: a group represented by the following formula (1); a group containing a carbon-carbon triple bond; and a group containing an aromatic hydroxy group. In the formula (1), R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and n is an integer of 1 to 10, wherein in a case in which n is no less than 2, a plurality of R.sup.1s are identical or different.

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A process for manufacturing a frying pan includes the steps of material selecting, cutting, machining and forming, welding, grinding, sanding, cleaning, baking, preparing of a ceramic paint, spraying of a ceramic paint, curing, cooling and the like.

Improved plating is provided. The present invention provides a plated product which comprises a base, a deposit layer formed by plating on a surface of the base, and a silica-compound-containing coating layer formed on the surface of the deposit layer. The coating layer has a thickness of 0.1-100 m, preferably 0.1-20 m, more preferably 0.1-10 m, even more preferably 0.1-5 m. The coating layer may contain a dye and/or a pigment.

Disclosed is a method of attaching heterogeneous materials, for example, a metal plate and a polymer resin, by greatly improving the adhesive strength between the heterogeneous materials, for example, the metal plate and the polymer resin. Particularly, the method may include pretreating the surface of a metal plate with an aromatic compound containing a pyrogallol group to bind the pyrogallol group to the surface of the metal plate and coating the pyrogallol-group-bound metal plate with a polymer resin, thereby greatly improving the adhesive strength between the metal plate and the polymer resin through a simple process.

In a coating pretreatment facility using microbubbles, an arrangement is made to make it possible to form the facility compact and to reduce the initial cost and the running cost of the facility. A preliminary cleansing water supplying passage 33 is provided for supplying cleansing waters W1, W2 used in cleansing of a coating subject article B in flushing sections 3, 4 following a degreasing section 2 as preliminary cleansing water W3 for use in preliminary cleansing of the coating subject article B in a preliminary cleansing section 1. A microbubble generator device 34 is provided for causing the preliminary cleansing water W3 used in the preliminary cleansing of the coating subject article B in the preliminary cleansing section 1 to contain microbubbles.

The present invention is aimed at providing: a surface treatment agent that is capable of forming a surface-treated coating film having excellent antifouling properties; a metal material that includes a surface-treated coating film using the surface treatment agent; and a method of producing the metal material. The present invention provides a surface treatment agent containing: a silicone resin (A); a compound (B) containing a metal element selected from titanium, platinum, rhodium and palladium; and an aromatic hydrocarbon-based solvent (C). In the surface treatment agent, (I) a content of the silicone resin (A) is in a range of 90% by mass to 99.9% by mass with respect to a total solid mass of the silicone resin (A) and the compound (B), and (II) a ratio (B.sub.M/A.sub.M) of a mass (B.sub.M) of the compound (B) to a mass (A.sub.M) of the silicone resin (A) is in a range of 0.001 to 0.111.

An object is to provide, for example, a method for manufacturing a film-forming substrate that can sufficiently improve both bleeding of a resin composition and adhesion between the resin composition and a metal substrate surface. For example, provided is a method for manufacturing a film-forming substrate having a film of a resin composition formed on a metal substrate surface, the method including: an etching step of etching a metal substrate surface with a micro-etching agent; a surface treatment step of bringing the etched metal substrate surface into contact with a surface treatment agent to perform a surface treatment such that a contact angle of water on the surface is 50 or more and 150 or less; and a film forming step of forming a film of a resin composition on the surface-treated metal substrate surface by an inkjet method.

A steel sheet coating apparatus includes a cleaner configured to apply cleaning liquid to thereby clean a surface of a steel sheet, a polisher that applies polishing liquid to the cleaned surface of the steel sheet and that includes at least one polishing wheel configured to polish the surface of the steel sheet, a coater that includes a plurality of coating rollers that are configured to coat the polished surface of the steel sheet with coating liquid, and a curing furnace that includes curing chambers that are configured to heat the steel sheet coated with the coating liquid, that have different heating temperatures, and that are configured to cure the coating liquid on the steel sheet based on heating the steel sheet in one chamber having a first temperature and then heating the steel sheet in another chamber having a second temperature greater than the first temperature.