A method for coating a substrate includes the steps of: forming a conductive coating layer on a surface of a substrate so as to form a semi-product; submerging a conductive sheet and the semi-product into an electrophoresis medium that includes charged colloid particles; and applying a voltage on the conductive sheet or the semi-product to form an electric field among the conductive sheet, the semi-product, and the electrophoresis medium, so that the colloid particles move along the electric field toward the semi-product and an electrophoretic covering layer formed by the charged colloid particles is thus deposited on the electrophoretic covering layer.

To provide a powder coating material composition capable of forming a fluororesin layer excellent in adhesion to a base material and having foaming or cracking suppressed even when the firing temperature is as high as at least 380° C.

A powder coating material composition comprising a resin powder with an average particle size of from 10 to 800 μm containing polymer A and heat stabilizer B, wherein the proportion of the heat stabilizer B to 100 parts by mass of the polymer A is from 0.01 to 30 parts by mass. Polymer A: A tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer having at least one type of functional group selected from the group consisting of a carbonyl group-containing group, etc., or a tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene copolymer, having the functional group, and having a melting point of from 260 to 320° C. Heat stabilizer B: A heat stabilizer selected from the group consisting of an aromatic polyether compound, an aromatic amine compound, an aromatic sulfur compound and a polysilane compound.

To provide a powder coating material composition capable of forming a fluororesin layer excellent in adhesion to a base material and having foaming or cracking suppressed even when the firing temperature is as high as at least 380° C.

A powder coating material composition comprising a resin powder with an average particle size of from 10 to 800 μm containing polymer A and heat stabilizer B, wherein the proportion of the heat stabilizer B to 100 parts by mass of the polymer A is from 0.01 to 30 parts by mass. Polymer A: A tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer having at least one type of functional group selected from the group consisting of a carbonyl group-containing group, etc., or a tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene copolymer, having the functional group, and having a melting point of from 260 to 320° C. Heat stabilizer B: A heat stabilizer selected from the group consisting of an aromatic polyether compound, an aromatic amine compound, an aromatic sulfur compound and a polysilane compound.

A wheel component for a wheel of an at least partially muscle-powered two-wheeled vehicle, including a rim provided to be connected with a hub by means of spokes, the rim including a rim base with a plurality of spoke socket sections having one spoke hole each, to which the spokes can be attached by means of spoke nipples. The wheel component includes at least one washer for placement between a spoke socket section and a spoke nipple. The washer includes a through hole extending between a top face and a bottom face. The rim base includes two opposite rim flanks extending obliquely relative to one another. In its bottom face, the washer shows a canted support flank at least in sections. The washer can be supported on the rim flanks by means of its support flank such that only the support flank bears against, and contacts, the rim.

A wheel component for a wheel of an at least partially muscle-powered two-wheeled vehicle, including a rim provided to be connected with a hub by means of spokes, the rim including a rim base with a plurality of spoke socket sections having one spoke hole each, to which the spokes can be attached by means of spoke nipples. The wheel component includes at least one washer for placement between a spoke socket section and a spoke nipple. The washer includes a through hole extending between a top face and a bottom face. The rim base includes two opposite rim flanks extending obliquely relative to one another. In its bottom face, the washer shows a canted support flank at least in sections. The washer can be supported on the rim flanks by means of its support flank such that only the support flank bears against, and contacts, the rim.

The method includes the steps of: applying atmospheric plasma on each area portion of the surface of a metal foil to be treated; increasing the surface free energy of the metal foil, making said surface free energy compatible with the surface tension of the varnish to be applied to the metal foil; applying a UV-cured varnish layer, which may be a oligomer, a monomer or a photo-initiator, having a solids content of 99% to 100% to the surface of the metal foil subjected to the atmospheric plasma; and curing the varnish layer using UV radiation to form a varnish coating adhered to the surface of the metal foil.

The method includes the steps of: applying atmospheric plasma on each area portion of the surface of a metal foil to be treated; increasing the surface free energy of the metal foil, making said surface free energy compatible with the surface tension of the varnish to be applied to the metal foil; applying a UV-cured varnish layer, which may be a oligomer, a monomer or a photo-initiator, having a solids content of 99% to 100% to the surface of the metal foil subjected to the atmospheric plasma; and curing the varnish layer using UV radiation to form a varnish coating adhered to the surface of the metal foil.

The invention relates to a method for producing a silane-modified silicate. In order to obtain optimal corrosion protection properties, a silane compound according to the invention is at least partially hydrolyzed and/or condensed in the presence of a silicate compound at a pH value greater than or equal to 8 and then a pH value less than or equal to 7 is set by adding acid. The invention further relates to an aqueous acidic passivation composition for metal substrate coated with the passivation composition.

The invention relates to a method for producing a silane-modified silicate. In order to obtain optimal corrosion protection properties, a silane compound according to the invention is at least partially hydrolyzed and/or condensed in the presence of a silicate compound at a pH value greater than or equal to 8 and then a pH value less than or equal to 7 is set by adding acid. The invention further relates to an aqueous acidic passivation composition for metal substrate coated with the passivation composition.

Composition for producing films with low amount of gels and good haze, wherein said composition comprises a polypropylene and a high density polyethylene powder.