The invention provides a powder coating material capable of forming a film excellent in metallic hue, concealing property and weather resistance. The powder coating material comprises the following fluororesin (A), the following resin (B) and the following pigment (C) as constituents thereof, wherein the content of the pigment (C) is from 0.7 to 23 mass %; Fluororesin (A): a fluororesin having a fluorine content of at least 10 mass %; Resin (B): a resin having a SP value larger than that of the fluororesin (A), and the difference between the SP value thereof and the SP value of the fluororesin (A) is at least 0.4 (J/cm.sup.3).sup.1/2; Pigment (C): a pigment which is a metallic pigment covered with a covering material, and the SP value of the covering material exceeds the SP value of the fluororesin (A) and less than the SP value of the resin (B).

A multilayer coating film forming method to form a multilayer coating film having a glittering appearance. Forming a multilayer coating film by sequentially applying, on top of a base material, a first base coating material, a second base coating material, and a clear coating material in a wet-on-wet process, wherein: the first base coating material is a transparent or colored coating material; the second coating material contains a flaky lustrous pigment; the amount of flaky lustrous pigment being 10-60 parts by mass to 100 parts by mass of resin solid content in the second base coating material, and the concentration of solids in the coating falls being 5-20 mass % with respect to the total mass of the second base coating material; and the thickness of a coating film obtained from the second base coating material falls being 1-8 m on the basis of the coating film when cured.

A method of manufacturing a high temperature heat exchanger that includes providing a heat exchanger made of at least one of nickel and a nickel metal alloy, applying a silicone aluminum coating to the heat exchanger, drying the silicone aluminum coating at a first temperature for a first time period, and curing the silicone aluminum coating at a second temperature for a second time period, such that a ceramic coating is formed.

Candy color metallic paint finishes can be formed or repaired by applying to a substrate a colored liquid base coating composition containing a colored metal oxide-coated nontransparent silver dollar aluminum flake pigment and optional additional colored pigments or dyes dispersed in a first hardenable binder to form a reflective colored base layer that hides the primed substrate and has a sparkling metallic appearance. A colored liquid intermediate coating composition containing a colored pigment or dye dispersed in a second hardenable binder is applied to the base layer to form a colored intermediate layer that increases the color saturation of incident light reflected from the base layer. The intermediate layer can be overcoated with a liquid clearcoat composition. The completed finish can replicate an original equipment manufacturer multilayer candy color metallic finish, while providing ease of application, low sensitivity to layer thickness variation, and low mottle.

Steel sheet coating compositions or polymeric resin or ceramic properties are produced by admixing an aluminum coordinate complex and an aluminum resin, a polysilazane as a source of silicon, an organic solvent, an organic synthesis catalyst, and a non-metallic, non-ionic, low-nucleophilic base. The admixed coating is applied to sheet steel prior to hot-stamping in order to inhibit formation of iron oxides and to improve steel sheet surface characteristics.

Provided is an aqueous coating composition capable of forming a coating film having superior metallic coating film appearance and coating film properties and reducing the amount of an organic solvent to be used. Also provided is a method for forming a metallic coating film using such an aqueous coating composition. Provided is an aqueous coating composition comprising a coating film-forming resin, a curing agent, a scaly pigment, an inorganic viscosity agent, a hydrophobic associative viscosity agent, and a dispersant, wherein the composition contains the inorganic viscosity agent in an amount of 1 to 7 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the total resin solid content of the coating film-forming resin and the curing agent, and the composition contains the hydrophobic associative viscosity agent in an amount of 1 to 15 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the total resin solid content of the coating film-forming resin and the curing agent.

Provided is a multi-layer coating system, comprising a first coating composition, a second coating composition, and a third coating composition, wherein the first coating composition comprises a polyester resin and an amino resin, the second coating composition comprises a nitro-modified acrylic resin and electro-plated aluminum powders, and the third coating composition comprises an acrylic resin and an anti-sagging resin. Also provided are a method of coating a substrate with the multi-layer coating system and the substrate coated therewith.

FF properties of a multilayer coating film configured to exhibit a warm color through a lustrous layer (14) and a translucent colored layer (15) are improved to achieve a metallic textured color having a high-quality color tone. The lustrous layer (14) contains, in a mixed state, a high-reflection flake (21) having a visible light reflectance of 90% or more and a low-reflection flake (22) having a visible light reflectance that is half (i.e., ) or smaller than the visible light reflectance of the high-reflection flake (21) as the luster material. When both of the high-reflection flake (21) and the low-reflection flake (22) are projected on a bottom of the lustrous layer (14), a ratio of a projected area of the flakes (21) and (22) on the bottom of the lustrous layer (14) is 100%.

Candy color metallic paint finishes can be formed or repaired by applying to a substrate a colored liquid base coating composition containing a colored metal oxide-coated nontransparent silver dollar aluminum flake pigment and optional additional colored pigments or dyes dispersed in a first hardenable binder to form a reflective colored base layer that hides the primed substrate and has a sparkling metallic appearance. A colored liquid intermediate coating composition containing a colored pigment or dye dispersed in a second hardenable binder is applied to the base layer to form a colored intermediate layer that increases the color saturation of incident light reflected from the base layer. The intermediate layer can be overcoated with a liquid clearcoat composition. The completed finish can replicate an original equipment manufacturer multilayer candy color metallic finish, while providing ease of application, low sensitivity to layer thickness variation, and low mottle.

An object is to provide an aqueous coating material composition having high viscosity expression property as well as a viscosity property of decreasing viscosity with increase in shear velocity; in particular, to provide an aqueous coating material composition that can form a multilayer coating film having excellent smoothness, clarity, flip-flop property, adhesion, and water resistance; in addition, to provide a method for forming a multilayer coating film using such aqueous coating material composition, as well as a coated article that has been coated with such aqueous coating material composition. As a solution, an aqueous coating material composition is provided that contains a polyester resin (A), acrylic resin particles (B), a curing agent (C), and a coloring pigment (D), wherein the polyester resin (A) is a resin containing a trifunctional or higher polyfunctional polycarboxylic acid (a1) and a polyol (a2) as monomer components.