The subject invention provides materials and methods for reducing deleterious atmospheric gases, such as greenhouse gases. In specific embodiments, the reduction in deleterious atmospheric gases is achieved via enhanced vegetative carbon utilization and storage, as well as increased carbon sequestration in soil. In some embodiments, the subject invention can be used for reducing the number of carbon credits used by an operator involved in, e.g., agriculture, livestock production, waste management or other industries. In certain embodiments, the subject invention provides customizable microbe-based products, as well as methods of using these microbe-based products for reduction of greenhouse gases and/or enhanced sequestration of carbon.

A nanobioremediation method is for soil in a high-concentration polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated site. The method includes adding a carbon nanomaterial and a base fertilizer to soil in a high-concentration PAH-contaminated site, evenly broadcast sowing alfalfa seeds to the contaminated soil, and keeping the soil moisture content at 60% of the field moisture capacity, and when the alfalfa grows to the flowering or maturity stage, harvesting and removing the plants from the contaminated soil.

A method and composition are provided for soil remediation. A method is provided for breaking down an organic chemical agent, comprising providing a plurality of sporulated microbes to the chemical agent. A composition is provided for breaking down an organic chemical agent, comprising a plurality of sporulated microbes.

A structure and method for three-dimensional restoration of slope soil in an abandoned ion-absorbed rare earth mining area, belonging to the field of ecological restoration technologies. The structure for three-dimensional restoration of slope soil in an abandoned ion-absorbed rare earth mining area provided by the present invention includes an ecological water-harvesting pond, ecological intercepting ditches, an improved soil layer laid on the surface of a to-be-restored slope region and a soil restoration ecological network disposed on the improved soil layer. The improved soil layer, the ecological water-harvesting pond and the ecological intercepting ditches are each provided with a combined plant synusia system. The restoration structure provided by the present invention can effectively improve an extremely degraded ecological environment of the abandoned ion-absorbed rare earth mining area caused by tailings waste land and restore the degraded or polluted mining area soil and environment caused by mine destruction during rare earth mining.

A method for treating chemicals below ground is provided. The system includes contacting the chemicals with a rhizosphere to maximize transpiration rate and minimize over-saturation of the rhizosphere. Also provided is a method for using contaminated groundwater as a sole source of irrigation. The method uses extracting the contaminated water and pumping the extracted water to an irrigation zone under the control of an autonomous irrigation system. Each zone includes some trees and the root system for each tree is modified to function as a treatment cell. The invention also provides a system for treating contaminated water, using a contaminated water source situated below ground surface. The system uses a pump for extracting contaminated water from the water source and prevents the contaminated water from directly contacting the atmosphere above the ground surface. Vegetation which defines an underground rhizosphere is adapted to directly receive the water.

Phytoremediation processes, methods, materials and compositions to remediate soil, sediment and groundwater that is contaminated by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) via phytoextraction which includes the uptake and translocation of contaminants in the contaminated media by plant roots into the above ground portions of the plants. The plants can be selected from sixteen plants as well as other plants and the invention can include managing soil salinity levels of the plants, manipulating amounts of organic matter in the contaminated site media, managing pH levels of the contaminated sites, utilizing double cropping systems, utilizing double-canopy system, and managing harvest methodology of the plants.

A biodegradable light wand is provided, the light wand including: a light transmitting tube comprising a natural hydrocolloid, the tube having a sidewall, a second port and a first port, to define a bore; a first bioluminescence tablet which comprises a light producing enzyme and a second bioluminescence tablet which comprises a bioluminescence-generating molecule, both housed in the bore; a bio-plug in the first port, the bio-plug sized to seal the first port, the bio-plug comprising a beeswax, charcoal, sometimes fungal spores, and a substrate; and a cap, the cap sized to seal the second port, the cap is configured in the second port. Together these components form a biodegradable, non-toxic alternative to plastic chemiluminescent glow sticks.

Phytoremediation processes, methods, materials and compositions to remediate soil, sediment and groundwater that is contaminated by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) via phytoextraction which includes the uptake and translocation of contaminants in the contaminated media by plant roots into the above ground portions of the plants. The plants can be selected from sixteen plants as well as other plants and the invention can include managing soil salinity levels of the plants, manipulating amounts of organic matter in the contaminated site media, managing pH levels of the contaminated sites, utilizing double cropping systems, utilizing double-canopy system, and managing harvest methodology of the plants.

The present invention relates to a composition for transmuting a radioactive substance into a non-radioactive substance using complex microorganisms and a method for preparing the composition.

Solid, porous, glass-based substrate for storage and delivery of useful microorganisms are described. Materials include one or more microorganisms lyophilized on the substrate, e.g., in the form of a lyophilized biofilm. The materials can be utilized for long-term storage, transport, and deployment of one or more microorganisms, such as consortium of microorganisms at a remediation site.