The present disclosure provides an immobilized crude enzyme for degrading complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the field of remediation of complex organics-polluted soil. The present disclosure particularly relates to an immobilized crude enzyme and a preparation method thereof. In the present disclosure, the immobilized crude enzyme for degrading complex PAHs in soil is prepared from an acid-modified chestnut inner shell and a crude enzyme solution of white rot fungi; and there are copper ions in the crude enzyme solution of the white rot fungi. The preparation method includes: 1, preparing a chestnut inner shell into a powdered material; 2, preparing modified biochar; 3, conducting immobilization.

The present invention comprises a method of making and using a remediating composition for remediating contamination resulting from improper use or handling, or natural causes that would otherwise be damaging to, for example, the environment. Sources of contaminants include petroleum products, chemical and nuclear waste spills, biotoxin blooms, or combinations thereof. The method comprises allowing a heat-dried, particulate remediating composition to contact an amount of contaminated material for a time adequate to reduce the level of the contaminant in the contaminated material. Thereafter, testing of the previously contaminated material shows measurably lower amounts (often below measurable levels) of the contaminant, resulting in decontaminated material. Further, testing the newly-contaminated remediating composition shows far lower levels of the contaminants than would be expected when taking into account the original amounts of contaminants and remediating composition, and the amount remaining in the now-decontaminated material. The remediating composition remediates (reverses or stops) environmental damage.

Methods are provided for cultivating fungi for scaled-up production of microbe-based products. Specifically, cultures of fungi, such as, e.g., Pisolithus tinctorius, are grown by aerobic submerged fermentation in liquid medium containing a particulate anchoring carrier to increase mycelial biomass.

The present invention discloses a strain of Lysinibacillus fusiformis with methylamine degradability and the application thereof. This strain, named Lysinibacillus fusiformis GDUTAN2, was deposited on May 24, 2017 in the China Center for Type Culture Collection in Wuhan University, Wuhan City, Hubei Province with a deposit number of CCTCC NO. M 2017284. This Lysinibacillus fusiformis GDUTAN2 was Grain-positive and rod-shaped, and the colony appeared to be round, white and transparent, having a diameter of 1-2 mm. The Lysinibacillus fusiformis GDUTAN2 of the present invention can be applied to environmental restoration, degrading methylamine in the environment at a high degradation effective. When it degraded methylamine for 96 h at a substrate concentration of 130 mg/L, the degradation could reach 32.8%.

The present invention provides a remediation method for degradation of cadmium in soil. The specific steps are as follows: step 1, determining the content of cadmium in the soil; step 2, crushing and sieving soil from a soil surface, and weighing; step 3, wetting the soil, and removing part of cadmium in the soil to obtain semi-remediated soil; step 4, mixing the semi-remediated soil with a remediation agent, and allowing to stand to obtain improved soil; and step 5, planting Bidens pilosa in the improved soil, and when a growing season is finished, uprooting, and ashing to obtain finished soil. The present invention utilizes anode and cathodes and a remediation agent to treat the cadmium contaminated soil, and plants Bidens pilosa in the soil to achieve a joint effect of electrodynamic remediation, chemical remediation, microbial remediation and phytoremediation to remediate the cadmium contaminated soil.

Phytoremediation processes, methods, materials and compositions to remediate soil, sediment and groundwater that is contaminated by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) via phytoextraction which includes the uptake and translocation of contaminants in the contaminated media by plant roots into the above ground portions of the plants. The plants can be selected from sixteen plants as well as other plants and the invention can include managing soil salinity levels of the plants, manipulating amounts of organic matter in the contaminated site media, managing pH levels of the contaminated sites, utilizing double cropping systems, utilizing double-canopy system, and managing harvest methodology of the plants.

Phytoremediation processes, methods, materials and compositions to remediate soil, sediment and groundwater that is contaminated by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) via phytoextraction which includes the uptake and translocation of contaminants in the contaminated media by plant roots into the above ground portions of the plants. The plants can be selected from sixteen plants as well as other plants and the invention can include managing soil salinity levels of the plants, manipulating amounts of organic matter in the contaminated site media, managing pH levels of the contaminated sites, utilizing double cropping systems, utilizing double-canopy system, and managing harvest methodology of the plants.

The present invention discloses a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with monomethylamine degradability and the application thereof. This strain, named Pseudomonas aeruginosa GDUTAN1, was deposited on May 24, 2017 in the China Center for Type Culture Collection in Wuhan University, Wuhan City, Hubei Province with a deposit number of CCTCC NO.: M 2017283. This Pseudomonas aeruginosa GDUTAN1 was Gram-negative and rod-like, and round, green and opaque in the colony morphology, having a diameter of 1-2 mm. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa GDUTAN1 of the present invention can be applied to environmental remediation, degrading monomethylamine in the environment at a high degradation efficiency. When it degrades monomethylamine for 96 h at a substrate concentration of 50-140 mg/L, the degradation efficiency can reach more than 99%.

The present invention provides a remediation method for degradation of cadmium in soil. The specific steps are as follows: step 1, determining the content of cadmium in the soil; step 2, crushing and sieving soil from a soil surface, and weighing; step 3, wetting the soil, and removing part of cadmium in the soil to obtain semi-remediated soil; step 4, mixing the semi-remediated soil with a remediation agent, and allowing to stand to obtain improved soil; and step 5, planting Bidens pilosa in the improved soil, and when a growing season is finished, uprooting, and ashing to obtain finished soil. The present invention utilizes anode and cathodes and a remediation agent to treat the cadmium contaminated soil, and plants Bidens pilosa in the soil to achieve a joint effect of electrodynamic remediation, chemical remediation, microbial remediation and phytoremediation to remediate the cadmium contaminated soil.

Various methods for remediating materials/mediums are disclosed. For example, a particular method may include growing an amount of cyanotic organisms and red algae, separating cell walls of the cyanotic organisms from internal portions of the cyanotic organisms to form a separated cyanotic extract, the separated cyanotic extract being the internal portions of the cyanotic organisms, separating cell walls of the red algae from internal portions of the red algae to form a separated red algae extract, the separated red algae extract being the internal portions of the red algae, processing the separated cyanotic extract and processing the separated red algae extract so as to create a hybrid algae product, and performing a pollution remediation operation using the hybrid algae product.