A method for manufacturing parts is provided. The method includes cold rolling a substrate with work cylinders whose work surface has a roughness Ra.sub.2.5 of less than or equal to 3.6 μm, depositing the metal coating on at least one face of the annealed substrate by electrodeposition to form the metal sheet and deforming the cut metal sheet to form the parts. The outer surface of the metal coating has a waviness Wa.sub.0.8 of less than or equal to 0.5 μm after the deformation step. A part and vehicle are also provided.

A method for producing a flat steel product with high reflectivity, in which at least one surface has an arithmetic mean roughness Ra of less than 0.03 μm includes providing a flat steel product, at least one surface of which has an arithmetic mean roughness Ra of less than 2.5 μm. The flat steel product is cold rolled in a plurality of rolling passes. Also a flat steel product with high reflectivity in the finished re-rolled state on at least one of its surface has a low arithmetic mean roughness, a high gloss, and a high directed reflection. A solar concentrator is produced from such a flat steel product.

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a component of austenitic TWIP or TRIP/TWIP steel. A flat product (1) is deformed by achieving at least one indentation (16) on at least one surface of the flat product (1) in order to have in the deformed product (5) areas of a high strength steel embedded in a matrix of a ductile material. The invention also relates to the use of the component where areas of a high strength steel embedded in a matrix of a ductile material are required in the same component.

Disclosed is a method for manufacturing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet using an inhibitor-less technique, in which cold rolling includes final cold rolling with a total cold rolling reduction being set to 85% or more and a rolling reduction per pass being set to 32% or more. The final cold rolling includes one or more passes and a final pass succeeding the one or more passes and uses work rolls having a surface roughness Ra of 0.25 μm or less in at least one of the one or more passes other than the final pass. According to this method, it is possible to stably manufacture a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet exhibiting excellent magnetic properties at low cost.

A method of manufacturing a grain oriented electrical steel sheet includes subjecting a steel slab to a rolling process including cold rolling to obtain a steel sheet with a final sheet thickness, the steel slab containing by mass % C: 0.01% to 0.20%, Si: 2.0% to 5.0%, Mn: 0.03% to 0.20%, sol. Al: 0.010% to 0.05%, N: 0.0010% to 0.020%, at least one element selected from S and Se in a total of 0.005% to 0.040%, and the balance including Fe and incidental impurities; forming, by a chemical process, a linear groove extending in a direction forming an angle of 45° or less with a direction orthogonal to a rolling direction of the steel sheet; subjecting the steel sheet to decarburization annealing; applying an annealing separator thereon mainly composed of MgO; and subjecting the steel sheet to final annealing to manufacture a grain oriented electrical steel sheet.

A process of cold rolling an aluminum product, e.g. a strip, which crosses at least one rolling stand, wherein a lubricant is applied to the strip close to said at least one rolling stand by means of a plurality of applying means, said lubricant comprising an emulsion of oil and water. A related rolling plant is also described.

A first steel strip and a second steel strip (7) are rolled in succession in at least one roll stand (1) of a cold rolling mill. A rolling pause, in which no steel strip is rolled, is provided between the rolling of the first and the second steel strip (7). The first steel strip s fed over a first path starting from a first pay-off reel (2), and the second steel strip (7) is fed over a second path starting from the first pay-off reel (2), or from a second pay-off reel different from the first pay-off reel (2). The first steel strip is not heated as it is fed to the rolling mill (1), whereas, by contrast, the second steel strip (7) is heated. The second path is longer than the first path.

A method for partial hardening of an austenitic steel by utilizing during cold deformation the TWIP (Twinning Induced Plasticity), TWIP/TRIP or TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity) hardening effect. Cold deformation is carried out by cold rolling at least one surface of the steel with forming degree (Φ) of 5≤Φ≤60% in order to achieve in the steel at least two consecutive areas with different mechanical values in thickness, yield strength (R.sub.p0.2), tensile strength (Rm) and elongation, having a ratio (r) between the ultimate load ratio (ΔF) and the thickness ratio (Δt) of 1.0>r>2.0, and in which the areas are mechanically connected to each other by a transition area having a thickness that is variable from the thickness of the first area in the deformation direction to the thickness of the second area in the deformation direction.

A cold rolled steel sheet having a composition including of 0.05 % ≤ Carbon ≤ 0.15 %, 1.8% ≤ Manganese ≤ 2.7%, 0.1% ≤ Silicon ≤ 1%,0.01% ≤ Aluminum ≤ 0.8%,0.1% ≤ Chromium ≤ 0.9%,0% ≤ Phosphorus ≤ 0.09%,0.0001% ≤ Titanium ≤ 0.1%,0.0005% ≤ Boron ≤ 0.003%, 0.01% ≤ Niobium ≤ 0.1%, 0 % ≤ Sulfur ≤ 0.09 %, 0 % ≤ Nitrogen ≤ 0.09%, 0% ≤ Vanadium ≤ 0.2%, 0%≤Molybdenum≤0.2%, 0%≤Nickel≤2%, 0% ≤ Copper ≤ 2%, 0% ≤ Calcium ≤ 0.005%, 0% ≤ Cerium ≤ 0.1%, 0% ≤ Magnesium ≦ 0.05%, 0% ≤ Zirconium ≦ 0.05%, the remainder being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities caused by processing, the microstructure of the steel sheet including in area fraction, 40% to 60% martensite, 15 to 40% of inter-critical ferrite, a cumulated amount of 10 to 35% of transformed ferrite and bainite and 0% to 5% of residual austenite.

The present application describes a Cold Rolling Mill (CRM) 200. The CRM 200 comprises a pair of working rolls 202 configured to apply stress on a metal strip for reducing thickness of the metal strip. The pair of working rolls 202 have a face width of 1350 mm. The CRM 200 further comprises a pair of intermediate rolls 204 configured to provide mechanical support to the pair of working rolls 202. The pair of intermediate rolls 204 have a face width of 1280 mm. The CRM 200 further comprises a pair of back-up rolls 206 configured to provide mechanical support to the pair of intermediate rolls 204. The back-up rolls 206 have a face width of 1300 mm. Bearing center distance of the CRM 200 is 2170 mm.