A treatment machine comprises a chamber for the treatment of one substrate or a plurality of substrates. A rotatably supported temperature-controlled shaft (30) defines a cylindrical, gas-tight hollow space. A heating arrangement (40, 50) is provided for electrically heating at least a part of the shaft (30) arranged in the chamber. The heating arrangement (40, 50) comprises an accommodation mandrel (40) for accommodating at least one electrical heating element (50), said accommodation mandrel (40) being arranged in a non-rotating manner and extending into the hollow space of the shaft (30). An outer surface of the accommodation mandrel (40) is spaced apart from an inner surface of the shaft (30) by a gap.

A treatment machine comprises a chamber for the treatment of one substrate or a plurality of substrates. A rotatably supported temperature-controlled shaft (30) defines a cylindrical, gas-tight hollow space. A heating arrangement (40, 50) is provided for electrically heating at least a part of the shaft (30) arranged in the chamber. The heating arrangement (40, 50) comprises an accommodation mandrel (40) for accommodating at least one electrical heating element (50), said accommodation mandrel (40) being arranged in a non-rotating manner and extending into the hollow space of the shaft (30). An outer surface of the accommodation mandrel (40) is spaced apart from an inner surface of the shaft (30) by a gap.

Proposed is a method of manufacturing a hydraulic cylinder rod, the method including the step of deriving an optimal ratio between a metal tube and a composite material round rod when preparing a hybrid round rod by inserting the composite material round rod into the metal tube in order to reduce the weight of an existing metal round rod such as a cylinder rod of a hydraulic cylinder, whereby the hybrid round rod is prepared through the step and then a rod eye is coupled to the hybrid round rod to manufacture the hydraulic cylinder rod.

Proposed is a method of manufacturing a hydraulic cylinder rod, the method including the step of deriving an optimal ratio between a metal tube and a composite material round rod when preparing a hybrid round rod by inserting the composite material round rod into the metal tube in order to reduce the weight of an existing metal round rod such as a cylinder rod of a hydraulic cylinder, whereby the hybrid round rod is prepared through the step and then a rod eye is coupled to the hybrid round rod to manufacture the hydraulic cylinder rod.

A method for manufacturing a cold-forged, extruded aluminum alloy tube includes the steps of: providing a primary material having a hollow columnar shape and made of an aluminum alloy material, and a first cold extrusion apparatus; processing the primary material to form a preform; subjecting the preform to a homogeneous annealing by heating to a temperature of about 410 C. to 510 C. and then cooling to a temperature of about 160 C. to 200 C.; testing the hardness of the preform; immersing the preform in a tank containing lubricant having a free total acidity concentration of 40 to 50 mg/L at a working temperature of 80 C. to 100 C.; and subjecting the preform to cold extrusion.

A sprocket wheel, which is a machine component configured to slide relative to a bushing while being in contact with the bushing in an outer peripheral surface, includes a base made of a first metal, and an overlay that covers the base so as to constitute the outer peripheral surface. The surface of the overlay constituting the outer peripheral surface has been smoothed. Such a smoothed surface of the overlay makes the sprocket wheel less damaging to the bushing.

A sprocket wheel, which is a machine component configured to slide relative to a bushing while being in contact with the bushing in an outer peripheral surface, includes a base made of a first metal, and an overlay that covers the base so as to constitute the outer peripheral surface. The surface of the overlay constituting the outer peripheral surface has been smoothed. Such a smoothed surface of the overlay makes the sprocket wheel less damaging to the bushing.

To provide a method of manufacturing a shaft for a steering device, the shaft including a spline shaft part to be coupled with an input shaft, a stopper part to be coupled with an output shaft, and an intermediate shaft part that couples the spline shaft part with the stopper part. The method includes: a step of forming a hole part recessed in an axial direction from one end of a pillar-shaped material by forging; and a step of pressing the material in which the hole part has been formed into a die to perform drawing in a radial direction on a portion of the material at which the spline shaft part and the intermediate shaft part are formed, and prolonging a length along the axial direction of the hole part at the same time by forging.

A component includes a base formed of a majority of a first metallic element and a shell adhered to the base. The shell includes an inner portion having an inner surface contacting the base, an outer portion having an outer surface, and an intermediate zone connecting the inner portion to the outer portion. The shell is formed of a multi-element transition material, where the multi-element transition material includes a majority of a second metallic element at the inner surface and a majority of a third metallic element at the outer surface. The intermediate zone includes both the second and third metallic elements. Each of the first, second, and third metallic elements are different from one another. The component may be an automotive shaft. A method of forming the component may include depositing first and second powders on the base to form the inner and outer portions and the intermediate zone.

A one-piece axle and a method of manufacture. The method may include providing a one-piece axle blank that has a shaft and a flange. The shaft may have a hole that may extend along an axis. The flange may extend radially outward from an end of the shaft. The shaft may be radially forged against a first mandrel to axially elongate the shaft.