A process for permanent mold casting of metals and their alloys includes the steps of providing at least a mold equipped with a plurality of cooling nozzles, making a layer of coolant permeable materials covering the nozzles and maintaining the materials at desired temperatures, delivering a molten metal into the mold, supplying predetermined amount of coolant to each nozzles to contact the external surface of the casting at desired rate, time, and duration to achieve an acceptable level of progressive solidification from the distal end of the casting towards the riser until the casting has reached desired temperatures.

A method for die casting a metal alloy in a cavity, implementing a mold comprising induction heater to heat the molding surfaces of the cavity. The cavity is filled with the metal alloy by injection and preheated to a nominal preheating temperature T1. The metal in the cavity is solidified. The mold is opened and the part is ejected therefrom. The molding surfaces of the cavity is heated by induction while the part is no longer in contact with said surfaces. The molding surfaces of the cavity is sprayed, the mold being opened, by a release agent. The mold is closes and the cavity is heated the temperature T1.

A structure with a substrate, and a fine-unevenness-structure layer provided to at least one surface of the substrate, wherein the fine-unevenness-structure layer is disposed at a surface of the structure, the indentation elastic modulus of the structure is 1-1300 MPa, and the ratio () of the rate of change of the coefficient of kinetic friction of the surface of the structure is 0.15-1.05, wherein =f/s: s represents the rate of change of the coefficient of kinetic friction of the surface of the structure at an initial-abrasion stage of a reciprocating abrasion test; and f represents the rate of change of the coefficient of kinetic friction of the surface of the structure immediately prior to the end of the reciprocating abrasion test. This structure exhibits excellent scratch resistance without compromising on the optical performance thereof, such as the antireflection performance.

A process for permanent mold casting of metals and their alloys includes the steps of providing at least a mold equipped with a plurality of cooling nozzles, making a layer of coolant permeable materials covering the nozzles and maintaining the materials at desired temperatures, delivering a molten metal into the mold, supplying predetermined amount of coolant to each nozzles to contact the external surface of the casting at desired rate, time, and duration to achieve an acceptable level of progressive solidification from the distal end of the casting towards the riser until the casting has reached desired temperatures.

A casting mould comprising: an inorganic or refractory mould, wherein the mould is configured to receive feedstock; wherein the feedstock is configured to be heated in situ. A reusable mould, reusable susceptor, and/or release agent may be incorporated.

A copper alloy material has a composition including: 0.3 mass % or more and less than 0.5 mass % of Cr; 0.01 mass % or more and 0.15 mass % or less of Zr; and a Cu balance including inevitable impurities, wherein an average of crystal grain sizes is in a range of 0.1 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less, and a standard deviation of the crystal grain sizes is 0.6 or less.

The present invention relates to a steel for a mold, having a composition containing, on a % by mass basis, 0.25%<C<0.38%, 0.01%<Si<0.30%, 0.92%<Mn<1.80%, 0.8%<Cr<2.2%, 0.8%<Mo<1.4%, and 0.25%<V<0.58%, with the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, and a mold manufactured by additive manufacturing by using the steel for a mold.

The present invention relates to a casting mold for a metal sheet by drawing molten metal into a mold cavity and cooling the molten metal, and the casting mold according to the present invention includes: a support portion at an upper side on which molten metal is disposed or a solid metal is placed and melted; a mold cavity at a lower side in which the metal sheet is formed as the molten metal is drawn from the support portion while filling the mold cavity and cooled; and a passageway through which the molten metal is drawn into the mold cavity from the support portion, in which the mold cavity includes a first surface at the upper side which communicates with the passageway, and a second surface at the lower side which faces the first surface, a plurality of suction portions for drawing the molten metal are formed in the second surface and extended downward from the second surface, the suction portions are connected to a vacuum source and configured to draw the molten metal by suctioning air from the mold cavity, and a blocking member, which is in contact with the second surface or the suction portions to prevent a leakage of the molten metal and allow an air flow, is disposed on the suction portions in the mold cavity.

A sludge digester including a vessel and floating cover. The vessel includes a sidewall and an interior volume configured to receive and contain sludge. According to one embodiment, the cover comprises a frame structure that is constructed and arranged to form a skirt member formed at a periphery of the cover and extending downwardly into the vessel, and a continuous ballast ring attached to a lower portion of the skirt member and configured to form a trough member with an interior surface of the skirt member. The sludge digester may also include a guide system coupled to the sidewall and the skirt member and configured to allow vertical displacement of the cover with change in volume of at least one of a gas and a sludge contained in the vessel beneath the cover.

A casting mold material used in casting a metal material has a composition including 0.3 mass % or more and less than 0.5 mass % of Cr, 0.01 mass % or more and 0.15 mass % or less of Zr, 0.1 mass % or more and less than 2.0 mass % of Al; and a Cu balance including inevitable impurities and has precipitates in a needle shape or precipitates in a plate shape.