In one embodiment, a lead strip caster for battery grids includes a nozzle, a pair of rollers, and a molten lead supply to the nozzle. The lead strip caster produces a continuous lead strip for making battery grids. The nozzle has at least one passage that communicates with generally opposed faces of the nozzle at least partially received between the rollers to supply molten lead to exterior surfaces of the corotating rollers to form a continuous solid strip of lead from which battery grids may be made.

A method for continuously producing a strip-shaped metallic workpiece may involve introducing a molten mass into a casting region, solidifying the molten mass introduced into the casting region at least partially, and conveying the at least partially solidified molten mass out of the casting region. Hollow bodies may be added to the molten mass and encapsulated into the workpiece. Further, an apparatus for continuously producing a strip-shaped metallic workpiece may include a casting region into which a molten mass can be introduced and in which the molten mass introduced can solidify at least partially. The apparatus may also include a conveying device for conveying the molten mass out of the casting region, as well as a metering apparatus for adding hollow bodies to the molten mass.

A method of making floor plate includes assembling a pair of casting rolls laterally disposed to form a nip, assembling a hot rolling mill downstream of the nip having work rolls with a surface pattern forming the negative of a raised slip-resistant pattern desired in a floor plate, introducing molten metal through at least one metal delivery nozzle to form a casting pool supported on the casting rolls above the nip; counter rotating the casting rolls to form shells on the casting surfaces of the casting rolls to cast metal strip of less than 2.2 mm thickness downwardly from the nip, and delivering the cast metal strip to and through the hot rolling mill to form by the negative of the slip-resistant pattern on the work rolls a raised slip-resistant pattern of between 0.3 and 0.7 mm in height in a floor plate of less than 1.7 mm thickness.

A permanent magnet may include a Fe.sub.16N.sub.2 phase constitution. In some examples, the permanent magnet may be formed by a technique that includes straining an iron wire or sheet comprising at least one iron crystal in a direction substantially parallel to a <001> crystal axis of the iron crystal; nitridizing the iron wire or sheet to form a nitridized iron wire or sheet; annealing the nitridized iron wire or sheet to form a Fe.sub.16N.sub.2 phase constitution in at least a portion of the nitridized iron wire or sheet; and pressing the nitridized iron wires and sheets to form bulk permanent magnet

A slab casting method using a twin-drum continuous casting device manufactures a slab by solidifying molten metal by a pair of rotating casting drums includes calculating estimated sheet thicknesses on both ends in a width direction of the slab from equation 1 ((estimated sheet thickness)=(cylinder screw down position)+(elastic deformation of casting drum)+(casting drum housing screw down system deformation)+(drum profile of casting drum)?(elastic deformation of casting drum at the time of screw down position zero adjustment)) by using a casting drum housing screw down system deformation characteristic indicating a deformation characteristic of housings that support the casting drums and a deformation characteristic of a screw down system that screws down the casting drums obtained before casting of the slab starts, and controlling screw down positions of cylinders provided on both ends in a width direction of the casting drums.

A steel product or thin steel cast strip comprised of, by weight, less than 0.25% carbon, between 0.20 and 2.0% manganese, between 0.05 and 0.50% silicon, aluminum 0.008% or less by weight, and at least one element selected from the group consisting of titanium between about 0.01% and about 0.20%, niobium between about 0.01% and about 0.20%, molybdenum between about 0.05% and about 0.50%, and vanadium between about 0.01% and about 0.20%, and having a microstructure comprised of a majority bainite, and further comprising fine oxide particles of silicon and iron distributed through the steel microstructure having an average precipitate size less than 50 nanometers. The steel product or thin cast steel strip may have a yield strength of at least 55 ksi (380 MPa) or a tensile strength of at least 500 MPa, or both. The steel product or thin cast steel strip may have a total elongation of at least 6% or 10%. The thin cast steel strip may have thickness less than 3.0 mm, or less than 2.5 mm, or less than 2.0 mm.

A magnesium alloy cast-rolling unit, including: a main body; a fluid supplier; an electric pushrod; a linkage mechanism; a horizontal platform; a screw; dovetail guide rails; and a bottom plate. The main body includes a base, a spring cylinder, a hydraulic adjustment cylinder, a connection portion, and a cast-rolling unit body. The connection portion includes an arc-shaped rail. The spring cylinder includes an actuation element. The actuation element includes a piston rod and a pressure strip. The piston rod includes an external thread at one end; and the pressure strip includes an internal thread corresponding to the external thread. The fluid supplier includes a head box, a corrugated pipe, a compression spring assembly including a gland cover, a connection pipe including a convex pipe joint and a concave pipe joint, a flat plate including a groove, a smelting furnace, and a horizontal operation platform.

A metal delivery nozzle for a twin roll caster adapted to extend along and above a pair of casting rolls has a main portion with one or two refractory pieces with outlets adapted to deliver molten metal to a casting pool supported by the casting rolls during casting; refractory delivery end portions separately supported adapted to move relative to the main portion at each end portion of the metal delivery nozzle, each refractory delivery end portion having a reservoir portion with passages there through adapted to deliver molten metal to the casting pool adjacent the side dams and the end portions of the casting rolls; and a mechanism connected to each refractory delivery end portion adapted to move said refractory delivery end portion relative to the main portion as casting proceeds to maintain desired distance between the refractory delivery end portions and the side dams.

A side dam for a continuous twin roll caster with a body of refractory material shaped to form a side dam and having edge portions adapted to engage end portions of casting rolls of a twin roll caster and having a nip portion adapted to be adjacent a nip between the casting rolls and having upper portions extending across the side dam to form a lateral restraint for a casting pool of molten metal during operation in the twin roll caster; and a pocket between 5 and 50 mm in depth formed in the body between the edge portions and forming shoulder portions in the body between the edge portions and the pocket adapted to be worn as a casting campaign continues until the pocket is reached and continuing to be worn away at level of base portions of the pocket until casting is completed.

The preparation method includes steps of (1) melting steel according to in weight percentage 0.001-0.003% of C, 5.0-6.6% of Si, 0.2-0.3% of Mn, 0.05-0.12% of Al, 0.01-0.04% of V, 0.03-0.06% of Nb, 0.02-0.03% of S, 0.009-0.020% of N, O which is less than or equal to 0.0020%, and the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities; (2) forming cast strips after a thin-strip casting course; (3) hot-rolling the cast strips under inert atmosphere conditions; (4) cooling the hot-rolled cast strips to 550-600 DEG C., coiling and performing low-temperature hot rolling/warm rolling on the coiled cast strips under a nitrogen atmosphere condition; (5) removing oxidized scales though pickling, performing cold rolling multiple times; (6) performing recrystallization annealing, coating with an MgO layer, and coiling; (7) performing purification annealing under hydrogen circulation conditions; and (8) removing oxidized scales, coating with an insulating layer, performing flat stretch annealing, and air-cooled coiling.