Conditions for soft reduction are determined in a method of continuous casting in accordance with a method utilizing the thickness of a slab strand to prevent center segregation from occurring in the strand due to an insufficient pressing rate or internal cracks from occurring in the strand due to an excessively high pressing rate.

A continuous steel casting method includes producing a strand. The producing of the strand includes pouring molten steel into a mold of a continuous casting machine and withdrawing a solidified shell from the mold, the solidified shell being a solidified portion of the molten steel. The method includes applying a static magnetic field to at least a portion of a region of the strand, the strand being in the continuous casting machine, the region being a region where a solid fraction fs at a thickness-wise middle position of the strand is in a given range, the static magnetic field having a magnetic field strength of greater than or equal to 0.15 T and being in a direction orthogonal to a direction in which the strand is withdrawn, the static magnetic field being applied at an application time ratio of greater than or equal to 10%.

A continuous-cast slab is provided where central porosity is reduced by surly crushing the slab. A method and apparatus of manufacturing the slab is also provided. The continuous-cast slab having horizontally symmetrical granular equiaxed crystals at least in the center in the thickness direction includes a first reduction dent and a second reduction dent that further dents from the bottom surface of the first reduction dent and is narrower than the first reduction dent at least on one long side surface. Such a configuration can makes it possible to achieve the continuous-cast slab of no more than 2.510.sup.4 cm.sup.3/g in a maximum porosity volume while segregation is reduced.

A method of casting a steel semi-product wherein a liquid steel is poured from a ladle to a tundish through a shroud including the steps of determining the light intensity emitted from the surface of the liquid steel in the tundish, detecting, based on said determined intensity, the presence of an open-eye at the surface of the liquid steel and emitting an alert towards an operator when an open-eye is detected.

A method to determine the crater end location of a cast metal product during its casting, the crater end location being the location at which the cast metal product becomes fully solidified. A continuous casting method and a continuous casting machine are also provided.

A method for obtaining a product made of titanium alloy or a titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound by plasma torch melting, the alloy having an oriented structure, the method including heating the molten alloy surface in a casting ring with a plasma torch; cooling a cold zone of the casting ring over a length L1, the cooling forming a semi-solid crown of alloy; heating a hot zone of the casting ring over a length L2, thereby forming a solidification front, the flatness of which relative to a plane perpendicular to a drawing direction is less than 10?; and drawing the solidified alloy at a speed of more than 10.sup.?4 m/s in the drawing direction. The present disclosure also relates to a plant having one or more devices for implementing the method.

The present invention provides a method of dynamical adjustment for manufacturing a thermally treated steel sheet.

A continuous casting method includes discharging a molten steel from discharge ports of a submerged nozzle under conditions (A) and (B); and performing electro-magnetic stirrer (EMS) to cause flows in directions inverse to each other in the long edge direction on both long edge sides in the molten steel in a region having a depth providing a thickness of a solidification shell of from 5 to 10 mm at least at a center position in the long edge direction. (A) a discharge extended line from the discharge port of the submerged nozzle intersects a molten steel surface m the mold at a point P, and the position of the point P satisfies 0.15M/W0.45; and (B) condition satisfying 0L0.17 Vi350, wherein the unit for L is mm, and Vi represents a discharge velocity (mm/s) of the molten steel at the outlet opening.

A continuous casting method includes discharging a molten steel from discharge ports of a submerged nozzle under conditions (A) and (B); and performing electro-magnetic stirrer (EMS) to cause flows in directions inverse to each other in the long edge direction on both long edge sides in the molten steel in a region having a depth providing a thickness of a solidification shell of from 5 to 10 mm at least at a center position in the long edge direction. (A) a discharge extended line from the discharge port of the submerged nozzle intersects a molten steel surface m the mold at a point P, and the position of the point P satisfies 0.15M/W0.45; and (B) condition satisfying 0L0.17 Vi350, wherein the unit for L is mm, and Vi represents a discharge velocity (mm/s) of the molten steel at the outlet opening.

The present invention provides a method of dynamical adjustment for manufacturing a thermally treated steel sheet.