The use of particular terpenes, or of essential oils that are mainly composed thereof, as biostimulants in the production of mycelia and the cultivation of mushrooms. More particular, the invention relates to the use of at least one beta-pinene, delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene chemotyped essential oil, or of at least one terpene selected from beta-pinene, delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene, or one of the mixtures thereof, for stimulating the development and growth of mycelia and of edible mushrooms.

Methods of farming, domesticating, or cultivating truffle fungi, including isolation and cultivation methods for producing pure truffle fungi, or mini-truffles, typically a Tuber spp. or an Iamai spp. Examples of truffle include Tuber melanosporum, Tuber magnatum, Tuber aestivum, Tuber uncinatum, Tuber borchii, Imaia spp., Tuber macrosporum, Tuber gibbosum, Tuber oregonense, and Tuber lyonii. The isolated pure truffle may then be cultivated on a nutrient substrate, which may be, for example, a fruit, nut, grain, or a portion thereof, resulting in a truffle-flavored food product. Non-limiting examples of such substrates include rye, barley, lentil, wheat, rice, soybeans, pecan, hazelnut, pine nut, English walnut, coffee beans, mustard, cacao, sesame, sunflower, grapes, blackberries, blueberries, cherries, kiwi, mango, raspberries, and huckleberries.

Exemplary embodiments include Ganoderma lucidum fungus designated as strains M2-100-02 and M2-102-02 as deposited with the ATCC Patent Depository under the Budapest Treaty (10801 University Blvd, Manassas, VA 20110), on Jul. 28, 2023, with the unofficial ATCC Patent Deposit Designation No. PTA-127609 (strain M2-100-02) and the unofficial ATCC Patent Deposit Designation No. PTA-127610 (strain M2-102-02), and the official deposit date of Jul. 28, 2023 and the official Patent Deposit Designation No PTA-127609 (strain M2-100-02) and the official Patent Deposit Designation No. PTA-127610 (strain M2-102-02). In some embodiments, the improved Ganoderma lucidum fungus designated as strains M2-100-02 and M2-102-02 are characterized by having optimized concentrations of bioactive compounds including Ganoderic acids and triterpines. In some embodiments, a Beta-glucan concentration is 20 percent or greater. In some embodiments, Ganoderma lucidum fungus designated as strains M2-100-02 and M2-102-02 are improved to be grown on hydrated hulled oats.

Exemplary embodiments include Ganoderma lucidum fungus designated as strains M2-100-02 and M2-102-02 as deposited with the ATCC Patent Depository under the Budapest Treaty (10801 University Blvd, Manassas, VA 20110), on Jul. 28, 2023, with the unofficial ATCC Patent Deposit Designation No. PTA-127609 (strain M2-100-02) and the unofficial ATCC Patent Deposit Designation No. PTA-127610 (strain M2-102-02), and the official deposit date of Jul. 28, 2023 and the official Patent Deposit Designation No PTA-127609 (strain M2-100-02) and the official Patent Deposit Designation No. PTA-127610 (strain M2-102-02). In some embodiments, the improved Ganoderma lucidum fungus designated as strains M2-100-02 and M2-102-02 are characterized by having optimized concentrations of bioactive compounds including Ganoderic acids and triterpines. In some embodiments, a Beta-glucan concentration is 20 percent or greater. In some embodiments, Ganoderma lucidum fungus designated as strains M2-100-02 and M2-102-02 are improved to be grown on hydrated hulled oats.

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure may include an isolated mycelium of Trametes versicolor designated as strain M2-101-03. Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure may also include a method for propagating a Trametes versicolor mycelium, the method including culturing a mother culture, culturing a production culture, the production culture being a sub-culture of the mother culture, creating a liquid master inoculum using the production culture, diluting the liquid master inoculum to create a diluted liquid master inoculum, creating a biomass product using the diluted liquid master inoculum, slicing the biomass product for dehydration to create a sliced biomass product, dehydrating the sliced biomass product to create a dehydrated sliced biomass product, milling the dehydrated sliced biomass product to select a designated particle size of the dehydrated sliced biomass product, and screening the designated particle size of the dehydrated sliced biomass product.

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure may include an isolated mycelium of Trametes versicolor designated as strain M2-101-03. Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure may also include a method for propagating a Trametes versicolor mycelium, the method including culturing a mother culture, culturing a production culture, the production culture being a sub-culture of the mother culture, creating a liquid master inoculum using the production culture, diluting the liquid master inoculum to create a diluted liquid master inoculum, creating a biomass product using the diluted liquid master inoculum, slicing the biomass product for dehydration to create a sliced biomass product, dehydrating the sliced biomass product to create a dehydrated sliced biomass product, milling the dehydrated sliced biomass product to select a designated particle size of the dehydrated sliced biomass product, and screening the designated particle size of the dehydrated sliced biomass product.

The method grows a mycelial mass over a three-dimensional lattice such that a dense network of oriented hyphae is formed on the lattice. Growth along the lattice results in mycelium composite with highly organized hyphae strands and allows the design and production of composites with greater strength in chosen directions due to the organized nature of the supporting mycelia structure.

The method grows a mycelial mass over a three-dimensional lattice such that a dense network of oriented hyphae is formed on the lattice. Growth along the lattice results in mycelium composite with highly organized hyphae strands and allows the design and production of composites with greater strength in chosen directions due to the organized nature of the supporting mycelia structure.

The composite material is comprised of a substrate of discrete particles and a network of interconnected mycelia cells bonding the discrete particles together. The composite material forms a core to which one or more boards of veneer material are bonded to form a panel.

A self-supporting composite material is made with a shape conforming to the shape of an enclosure within which the composite material is incubated and molded. In on embodiment, a lid with at least one extrusion is placed over the enclosure to form a void in the final product corresponding to the extrusion. In another embodiment, a tool with extruded features is pressed into a face of the product in the enclosure to mold features into the finished product.