A method for synthesis of iron-based nanoparticles is disclosed. The method includes mixing, an ascorbic acid solution with a citric acid solution to form a mixture. The mixture includes 20 mL of 0.1 M ascorbic acid solution and 20 mL of 1 M citric acid solution. The method also includes adding, a plurality of iron salts nitrate nonahydrate solution to ascorbic acid and citric acid mixture then stirring, the mixture using a magnetic stirrer and adding 8 ml of 0.005 M of Sodium Hexachloroplatinate Hexahydrate solution to the mixture. Further, the method includes adding a Sodium tetra hydrido borate to the mixture resulting in a black coloured solution along with effervescence and holding, the mixture undisturbed after the effervescence stops to obtain a green coloured solution. Furthermore, the method includes decanting, the green coloured solution, stirring at room temperature and obtaining, a plurality of iron nanoparticles.

A metallurgical system for producing metals and metal alloys includes a fluid cooled mixing cold hearth having a melting cavity configured to hold a raw material for melting into a molten metal, and a mechanical drive configured to mount and move the mixing cold hearth for mixing the raw material. The system also includes a heat source configured to heat the raw material in the melting cavity, and a heat removal system configured to provide adjustable insulation for the molten metal. The mixing cold hearth can be configured as a removal element of an assembly of interchangeable mixing cold hearths, with each mixing cold hearth of the assembly configured for melting a specific category of raw materials. A process includes the steps of providing the mixing cold hearth, feeding the raw material into the melting cavity, heating the raw material, and moving the mixing cold hearth during the heating step.

A metallurgical system for producing metals and metal alloys includes a fluid cooled mixing cold hearth having a melting cavity configured to hold a raw material for melting into a molten metal, and a mechanical drive configured to mount and move the mixing cold hearth for mixing the raw material. The system also includes a heat source configured to heat the raw material in the melting cavity, and a heat removal system configured to provide adjustable insulation for the molten metal. The mixing cold hearth can be configured as a removal element of an assembly of interchangeable mixing cold hearths, with each mixing cold hearth of the assembly configured for melting a specific category of raw materials. A process includes the steps of providing the mixing cold hearth, feeding the raw material into the melting cavity, heating the raw material, and moving the mixing cold hearth during the heating step.

A concentric ring gas atomization nozzle with isolated gas supply manifolds is provided for manipulating the close-coupled atomization gas structure to improve the yield of atomized powders.

Method and installation for converting a metal in the liquid state into a fragmented metal in the solid state. The metal in the liquid state is poured on an upstream portion of a receiving surface (7) of a first cooled vibrating table (4). The metal falls from the downstream end of the first table on an upstream portion of a receiving surface (17) of a second cooled vibrating table (5). The fragmented and solidified metal is discharged at the downstream end of the receiving surface of that second table. A rotary fragmentation roller (102) may be positioned above a table. The tables comprise an upstream cooling zone (7) by means of a liquid/gas emulsion and a downstream cooling zone (17) by means of a liquid.

Method and installation for converting a metal in the liquid state into a fragmented metal in the solid state. The metal in the liquid state is poured on an upstream portion of a receiving surface (7) of a first cooled vibrating table (4). The metal falls from the downstream end of the first table on an upstream portion of a receiving surface (17) of a second cooled vibrating table (5). The fragmented and solidified metal is discharged at the downstream end of the receiving surface of that second table. A rotary fragmentation roller (102) may be positioned above a table. The tables comprise an upstream cooling zone (7) by means of a liquid/gas emulsion and a downstream cooling zone (17) by means of a liquid.

The invention relates to a method to form copper nanoparticles. The method comprises heating a solution comprising a copper precursor comprising at least one neat copper carboxylate in a concentration of at least 0.2 M, a stabilizer comprising an amine in a concentration equal or larger than the concentration of the copper precursor and optionally a solvent to a temperature T1 to form metallic copper. The solution is then heated to a temperature T2, with the temperature T2 being at least 10 C. higher than the temperature T1. The solution is heated from temperature T1 to temperature T2 with an average rate of at least 2 degrees per minute. The invention further relates to copper nanoparticles obtainable by such method and to formulations comprising such nanoparticles.

The invention relates to a method to form copper nanoparticles. The method comprises heating a solution comprising a copper precursor comprising at least one neat copper carboxylate in a concentration of at least 0.2 M, a stabilizer comprising an amine in a concentration equal or larger than the concentration of the copper precursor and optionally a solvent to a temperature T1 to form metallic copper. The solution is then heated to a temperature T2, with the temperature T2 being at least 10 C. higher than the temperature T1. The solution is heated from temperature T1 to temperature T2 with an average rate of at least 2 degrees per minute. The invention further relates to copper nanoparticles obtainable by such method and to formulations comprising such nanoparticles.

A metallurgical system for producing metals and metal alloys includes a fluid cooled mixing cold hearth having a melting cavity configured to hold a raw material for melting into a molten metal, and a mechanical drive configured to mount and move the mixing cold hearth for mixing the raw material. The system also includes a heat source configured to heat the raw material in the melting cavity, and a heat removal system configured to provide adjustable insulation for the molten metal. The mixing cold hearth can be configured as a removal element of an assembly of interchangeable mixing cold hearths, with each mixing cold hearth of the assembly configured for melting a specific category of raw materials. A process includes the steps of providing the mixing cold hearth, feeding the raw material into the melting cavity, heating the raw material, and moving the mixing cold hearth during the heating step.

A metallurgical system for producing metals and metal alloys includes a fluid cooled mixing cold hearth having a melting cavity configured to hold a raw material for melting into a molten metal, and a mechanical drive configured to mount and move the mixing cold hearth for mixing the raw material. The system also includes a heat source configured to heat the raw material in the melting cavity, and a heat removal system configured to provide adjustable insulation for the molten metal. The mixing cold hearth can be configured as a removal element of an assembly of interchangeable mixing cold hearths, with each mixing cold hearth of the assembly configured for melting a specific category of raw materials. A process includes the steps of providing the mixing cold hearth, feeding the raw material into the melting cavity, heating the raw material, and moving the mixing cold hearth during the heating step.