The present invention relates to a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt of: (i) 9,10-dimethoxy-2-(2,4,6-tri-methylphenylimino)-3-(N-carbamoyl-2-aminoethyl)-3,4,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrimido[6,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one (RPL554); and (ii) ethane-1,2-disulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid.

The present invention features a method of reducing tactile dysfunction or anxiety in a subject diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Rett Syndrome, or Fragile X syndrome by administering a GABA.sub.A agent having reduced blood brain barrier or by expressing a nucleic acid encoding an exogenous alpha or beta subunit of a GABA.sub.A receptor in dorsal root ganglion neurons in the subject using a vector.

The invention provides compositions and methods to treat prediabetes. In particular, the invention has discovered that particular combinations of diverse types of antioxidants have synergistic and surprising effects for use against prediabetes. The diverse types of antioxidants include: antioxidants that comprise stabilizing heteroatoms; antioxidants with conjugated segments of alternating single and double bonds; antioxidants with disulfides; and antioxidants with phenolic groups. In particularly useful embodiments one or more of the antioxidants that comprise stabilizing heteroatoms have pro-oxidant effects, e.g., in the liver.

The invention provides compositions and methods to treat prediabetes. In particular, the invention has discovered that particular combinations of diverse types of antioxidants have synergistic and surprising effects for use against prediabetes. The diverse types of antioxidants include: antioxidants that comprise stabilizing heteroatoms; antioxidants with conjugated segments of alternating single and double bonds; antioxidants with disulfides; and antioxidants with phenolic groups. In particularly useful embodiments one or more of the antioxidants that comprise stabilizing heteroatoms have pro-oxidant effects, e.g., in the liver.

The invention provides compositions and methods to treat prediabetes. In particular, the invention has discovered that particular combinations of diverse types of antioxidants have synergistic and surprising effects for use against prediabetes. The diverse types of antioxidants include: antioxidants that comprise stabilizing heteroatoms; antioxidants with conjugated segments of alternating single and double bonds; antioxidants with disulfides; and antioxidants with phenolic groups. In particularly useful embodiments one or more of the antioxidants that comprise stabilizing heteroatoms have pro-oxidant effects, e.g., in the liver.

The disclosed compositions methods relate to a dietary supplement for subjects with slow caffeine metabolism and comprises paraxanthine and optionally other compounds that modulate the effects of paraxanthine. Uses for the paraxanthine-containing supplements contain improvement of at least one of endurance performance, mood, vigor, lipolysis, energy expenditure, exercise performance, and/or decreased appetite in a slow caffeine metabolizer subject.

Provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising (1R,55)-1-(naphthalen-2-yl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form. The compositions are formulated for providing a sustained release of enantiomerically pure (1R,5S)-1-(naphthalen-2-yl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.O)]hexane. The compositions are substantially free of the other (—) enantiomer of the compound.

Provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising (1R,55)-1-(naphthalen-2-yl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form. The compositions are formulated for providing a sustained release of enantiomerically pure (1R,5S)-1-(naphthalen-2-yl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.O)]hexane. The compositions are substantially free of the other (—) enantiomer of the compound.

Provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising (1R,55)-1-(naphthalen-2-yl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form. The compositions are formulated for providing a sustained release of enantiomerically pure (1R,5S)-1-(naphthalen-2-yl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.O)]hexane. The compositions are substantially free of the other (—) enantiomer of the compound.

A composition for protecting liver, protecting intestines and enhancing immunity for freshwater fish is disclosed, including the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15˜27 parts of Andrographis herba, 18˜22 parts of Isatidis folium, 10˜15 parts of Polygonum hydropiper, 8˜12 parts of Rheum palmatum L., and 8˜12 parts of Galla chinensis. And the preparation and the application of the composition are disclosed. The composition of the disclosure has the effect of resisting bacteria, scavenge free radicals, clearing heat, detoxifying, preventing and treating enteritis and the like, which can effectively improve the immunity of the freshwater fish and ensure the health of the organism.