A cutting insert has a multi-stage columnar shape with an insert central axis as a center, the cutting insert including: a head portion having a circular cutting edge with the insert central axis as a center, a shaft portion disposed on a lower side of the head portion in an insert axial direction along the insert central axis and having a smaller outer diameter dimension than the head portion; a step portion configured to connect the head portion and the shaft portion; and an index portion disposed over a part of the step portion and a part of the head portion and recessed inward in an insert radial direction from an outer peripheral surface of each of the step portion and the head portion, in which a plurality of the index portions are arranged in an insert circumferential direction, and each of the index portions has a planar alignment surface.

A parting/grooving insert and a method of grinding a parting/grooving insert including rotating a plane grinding surface having a normal vector parallel to the axis of rotation and a tangential direction of rotation; providing a parting/grooving insert including a rake surface, a main clearance surface, and a main cutting edge formed between the rake and main clearance surfaces; orienting/positioning the insert relative to the grinding surface, such that the main clearance surface is parallel to the grinding surface, the normal vector of the main cutting edge being in the plane of the main clearance surface and with a vector component in the direction of rotation forming an angle to the tangential direction of rotation at the insert of at least 20 degrees from parallel orientation; and grinding the main clearance surface to provide grinding marks having an angle to the normal vector of the main cutting edge corresponding to the angle to the tangential direction of rotation.

In one aspect, cutting tools are provided comprising radiation ablation regions defining at least one of refractory surface microstructures and/or nanostructures. For example, a cutting tool described herein comprises at least one cutting edge formed by intersection of a flank face and a rake face, the flank face formed of a refractory material comprising radiation ablation regions defining at least one of surface microstructures and surface nanostructures, wherein surface pore structure of the refractory material is not occluded by the surface microstructures and surface nanostructures.

A device for mechanically removing material from a workpiece or bulk feedstock, thereby creating chips of removed material while producing a new surface on the workpiece or bulk feedstock. The device comprises a body and at least one round cutting insert that is tangentially mounted on the body. Location and orientation of the insert is characterized by a reference plane offset and an insert axis angle. The insert has an outwardly-facing rake surface on which chips are formed. A planar flank surface is oriented relative to a cutting motion so as to provide clearance between the cutting insert and the surface created by removal of a layer that is converted into chips. A circular cutting edge lies at the intersection of the flank and rake surfaces.

In one aspect, cutting tools are provided comprising radiation ablation regions defining at least one of refractory surface microstructures and/or nanostructures. For example, a cutting tool described herein comprises at least one cutting edge formed by intersection of a flank face and a rake face, the flank face formed of a refractory material comprising radiation ablation regions defining at least one of surface microstructures and surface nanostructures, wherein surface pore structure of the refractory material is not occluded by the surface microstructures and surface nanostructures.

A cutting tool according to this invention includes a cutting edge configured to cut a workpiece; a rake surface configured to come in contact with a chip, which appears when the workpiece is cut by the cutting edge; and a relieved surface configured to come in contact with a to-be-cut surface of the workpiece. A plurality of first grooves are formed on a cutting edge side of the rake surface. The plurality of first grooves includes a plurality of aligned grooves arranged adjacent to each other, and a connection groove connecting at least two of the plurality of aligned grooves to each other.

A cutting edge of a machining tool and a surface treatment method for the same. A cutting edge of a machining tool and a region in the vicinity of the cutting edge, e.g. a region of at least 1 mm and preferably at least 5 mm from the cutting edge, are defined as a treatment region; and substantially spherical injection granules having a median diameter of 1 to 20 m are injected onto the treatment region with an injection pressure of 0.01 MPa to 0.7 MPa in order for dimples having an equivalent diameter of 1 to 18 m and preferably 1 to 12 m, and a depth at least equal to 0.02 m and at most equal to 1.0 m to be formed such that the projected surface area of the dimples is at least equal to 30% of the surface area of the treatment region.

A cutting tool includes a cutting insert that is held in a holder in a detachable manner. The cutting insert has a substantially regular quadrangular shape in plan view and includes four round corners. The cutting insert is formed of CBN sinter as a whole. The cutting insert includes two principal surfaces that are upper and lower surfaces opposite to each other, and four side surfaces that are arranged so as to connect the principal surfaces to each other. A boundary portion (ridge line portion) between each of the principal surfaces and each of the side surfaces forms a cutting edge. In a central portion of each of the side surfaces of the cutting insert, a groove for absorbing a crack, having a substantially V-shape in cross section, is formed all around the cutting insert so as to be recessed with respect to the side surfaces.

A cutting insert for threading of the present invention includes two opposing end surfaces and a peripheral side surface extending therebetween. The peripheral side surface has a first side surface portion and a second side surface portion arranged at different positions in a circumferential direction. A cutting edge is formed at an intersecting ridgeline portion between the first end surface and the first side surface portion and at least a portion of this cutting edge has a shape corresponding to a thread groove. The second side surface portion has an inclined portion which enlarges outward from the side of the first end surface toward the side of the second end surface. This inclined portion is configured to engage with a side wall surface of a tool body so as to prevent floating of the cutting insert.

A turning insert includes a top surface, an opposite bottom surface, side surfaces connecting the top surface and the bottom surface and two opposite nose portions. Each nose portion includes a convex nose cutting edge, a first cutting edge and a second cutting edge. The convex nose cutting edge connects the first and second cutting edges. A bisector extends equidistantly from the first and second cutting edges. In a top view the first and second cutting edges on the same nose portion form a nose angle () of 70-85 relative to each other. Each nose portion includes a third convex cutting edge adjacent to the first cutting edge and a fourth cutting edge adjacent to the third cutting edge. In a top view the fourth cutting edge forms an angle () of 0-34 relative to the bisector.