The present invention includes a live attenuated virus and methods of making the same comprising an isolated virus comprising a viral genome that expresses one or more viral antigens; and one or more exogenous species-specific microRNAs inserted into the viral genome and expressed thereby, wherein the species-specific microRNAs are ubiquitously expressed in a viral target species cell but not in a viral propagation cell.

Disclosed are compounds for use in raising an immune response to an antigen and/or enhancing, modulating or augmenting an immune response to an antigen. Particularly the use of urolithins. The invention also relates to immune enhancers comprising urolithins, methods of using such immune enhancers and processes for the preparation of such immune enhancers. The invention also relates to the use of urolithins in methods for modulating stem cell function, for example, enhancing stem cell numbers, promoting stem cell regeneration and promoting stem cell differentiation.

The present invention relates to influenza vaccine formulations and vaccination regimes for immunising against influenza disease, their use in medicine, in particular their use in augmenting immune responses to various antigens, and to methods of preparation. In particular, the invention relates to multivalent influenza immunogenic compositions comprising an influenza antigen or antigenic preparation thereof from at least two influenza virus strains, at least one strain being associated with a pandemic outbreak or having the potential to be associated with a pandemic outbreak, in combination with an oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant.

A mutated Bordetella strain comprising at least a mutated ptx gene, a deleted or mutated dnt gene and a heterologous ampG gene is provided. The attenuated mutated Bordetella strain can be used in an immunogenic composition or a vaccine for the treatment or prevention of a Bordetella infection. Use of the attenuated Bordetella strain for the manufacture of a vaccine or immunogenic composition, as well as methods for protecting mammals against infection by Bordetella are also provided.

This disclosure relates to methods for eliciting an immune response against C. difficile toxin A and toxin B in an adult human subject. The subject may be at risk for a primary symptomatic C. difficile infection. In some embodiments, a method is for eliciting an immune response against C. difficile toxin A and toxin B in an adult human subject at risk for a primary symptomatic C. difficile infection, and comprises administering to the subject a composition comprising C. difficile toxoid A and toxoid B at least three times, each administration being about seven days apart.

The present invention relates to combination therapies with anti-CD38 antibodies.

The invention provides for a human antibody that binds to human vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, preferably ramucirumab, for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients having levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) of 1.5 ULN or greater, and as a predictive method for the treatment of HCC in patients having AFP levels of 1.5×ULN or greater.

Use of a superantigen in mucosal allergen specific immune therapy (ASIT) in a non-human mammal to enhance the effect thereof. In order to enhance the effect of the mucosal ASIT, the superantigen is mucosally administered before, or with, the allergen to the non-human mammal.

Adenocarcinoma antigenic determinants, methods for their production and use, and broadly-specific human monoclonal antibodies reactive to the epitopes. These epitopes, which can be physically recapitulated, are conserved across a range of adenocarcinomas and are capable of eliciting an immune response in humans.

The invention provides proteins and compositions for the treatment and prevention of Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B streptococcus; GBS).