Provided are flux for resin flux cored solder, flux for flux-coated solder, resin flux cored solder using the flux for resin flux cored solder, flux-coated solder using the flux for flux-coated solder, and a soldering method, which have low residue and are excellent in processability. The flux for resin flux cored solder or flux-coated solder contains a solid solvent in an amount of 70 wt % or more and 99.5 wt % or less, and an activator in an amount of 0.5 wt % or more and 30 wt % or less.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a conductive material that allows a low electric resistance to be generated, and that is obtained by using an inexpensive and stable conductive material composition containing no adhesive. The conductive material can be provided by a producing method that includes the step of sintering a first conductive material composition that contains silver particles having an average particle diameter (median diameter) of 0.1 μm to 15 μm, and a metal oxide, so as to obtain a conductive material. The conductive material can be provided also by a method that includes the step of sintering a second conductive material composition that contains silver particles having an average particle diameter (median diameter) of 0.1 μm to 15 μm in an atmosphere of oxygen or ozone, or ambient atmosphere, at a temperature in a range of 150° C. to 320° C., so as to obtain a conductive material.

Solder joints comprising two different solder materials having different melting points, an outer solder material extending over an inner solder material bonded to a conductive pad, the inner solder material having a lower melting point than a melting point of the outer solder material and being in a solid state at substantially ambient temperature. A metal material having a higher melting point than a melting point of either solder material may coat at least a portion of the inner solder material. Microelectronic components, assemblies and electronic systems incorporating the solder joints, as well as processes for forming and repairing the solder joints are also disclosed.

A method for bonding semiconductor substrates includes placing a die on a substrate and performing a heating process on the die and the substrate to bond the respective first connectors with the respective second connectors. Respective first connectors of a plurality of first connectors on the die contact respective second connectors of a plurality of second connectors on the substrate. The heating process includes placing a mask between a laser generator and the substrate and performing a laser shot. The mask includes a masking layer and a transparent layer. Portions of the masking layer are opaque. The laser passes through a first gap in the masking layer and through the transparent layer to heat a first portion of a top side of the die opposite the substrate.

A method for printed circuit board design rework utilizing two components in series, the method includes selecting a first chip component and a second chip component for placement on an original land location previously occupied by an original chip component. The method further includes placing the first chip component and the second chip component on a chip component support structure. The method further includes soldering a first end of the first chip component to a first end of the second chip component. Responsive to transferring the first chip component and the second chip component to the original land location, the method further includes soldering a second end of the first chip component to a first land of the original land location. The method further includes soldering a second end of the second chip component to a second land of the original land location.

Aspects of the invention include a press-fit pin for mechanically and electrically connecting to a through-hole of a substrate. The press-fit pin can include a press-fit portion configured to be deformed upon insertion into the through-hole against a plated surface of the through-hole. A surface mount technology (SMT) pad can be coupled to a first end of the press-fit portion. The SMT pad can include a conductive material. The press-fit pin can further include a trace extension coupled to the SMT pad. The trace extension can extend from the SMT pad in a direction perpendicular to the press-fit portion. The press-fit pin can include a tip portion coupled to a second end of the press-fit portion.

A light emitting diode (LED) tube lamp configured to receive an external driving signal includes an LED module for emitting light, the LED module comprising an LED unit comprising an LED; a rectifying circuit for rectifying the external driving signal to produce a rectified signal, the rectifying circuit having a first output terminal and a second output terminal for outputting the rectified signal; a filtering circuit connected to the LED module, and configured to provide a filtered signal for the LED unit; and a protection circuit for providing protection for the LED tube lamp. The protection circuit includes a voltage divider comprising two elements connected in series between the first and second output terminals of the rectifying circuit, for producing a signal at a connection node between the two elements; and a control circuit coupled to the connection node between the two elements, for receiving, and detecting a state of, the signal at the connection node. The control circuit includes or is coupled to a switching circuit coupled to the rectifying circuit, and the switching circuit is configured to be triggered on or off by the detected state, upon the external driving signal being input to the LED tube lamp, to allow discontinuous current to flow through the LED unit.

Various embodiments herein relate to electrochromic devices, methods of fabricating electrochromic devices, and apparatus for fabricating electrochromic devices. In a number of cases, the electrochromic device may be fabricated to include a particular counter electrode material. The counter electrode material may include a base anodically coloring material. The counter electrode material may further include one or more halogens. The counter electrode material may also include one or more additives.

The present invention relates to a bonding apparatus for a power terminal of a heating plate, for bonding the power terminal supplying power to a heating wire of a substrate. The bonding apparatus for a power terminal of a heating plate comprises: a chamber; a stage which is disposed in an inner space of the chamber and on which the substrate is placed; an upper press portion disposed in the inner space of the chamber to face the stage, provided to be vertically movable, and having a terminal fixing portion configured to fix the power terminal; and an elevating driver configured to move the upper press portion up and down, wherein the terminal fixing portion further includes a magnetic holder configured to hold the power terminal by a magnetic force.

A component having electrical connector elements for making contact with a circuit board, optionally having additional securing elements for mechanical stability after soldering or positioning devices for supporting components with an unfavourable center of gravity or supporting elements which can optionally be removed after the soldering process. The positioning devices or supporting elements serve to position components with different forms on a circuit board and to keep them in the correct orientation for the soldering process. Fitting takes place in a force-free manner and thus favours automation and the use of for example pick-and-place robots which take hold of and move the particular component via the positioning device connected thereto, engaging with and/or around either a contact element or a supporting element. The support of the positioning device allows a stable state during the soldering process. In a corresponding manner, methods for carrying out the soldering processes are specified.