The linear groove formation method includes a resist forming process of forming a coated resist on a surface of a steel sheet, a laser irradiating process of irradiating laser beams onto the steel sheet while repeating a laser scanning in a direction intersecting a rolling direction of the steel sheet cyclically in the rolling direction of the steel sheet to remove the coated resist in portions irradiated with the laser beams, and an etching process of forming linear grooves by etching portions of the steel sheet from which the coated resist is removed. In the laser irradiating process, the coated resist is removed by using two or more laser irradiating devices, with a certain irradiation energy, a certain beam diameter in a direction perpendicular to a laser scanning direction, and a certain incidence angle with respect to the surface of the steel sheet.

A method for producing an aluminum alloy clad material having a core material and a sacrificial anode material clad on at least one surface of the core material, wherein the core material comprises an aluminum alloy comprising 0.050 to 1.5 mass % (referred to as “%” below) Si, 0.050 to 2.0% Fe and 0.50 to 2.00% Mn; the sacrificial anode material includes an aluminum alloy containing 0.50 to 8.00% Zn, 0.05 to 1.50% Si and 0.050 to 2.00% Fe; the grain size of the sacrificial anode material is 60 μm or more; and a ratio R1/R2 is 0.30 or less, wherein R1 (μm) is a grain size in a thickness direction and R2 (μm) is a grain size in a rolling direction in a cross section of the core material along the rolling direction; a production method thereof; and a heat exchanger using the clad.

A pre-coated steel substrate coated with: —optionally, an anticorrosion coating and —a flux including at least one titanate and at least one nanoparticle chosen from: TiO2, SiO2, Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), Al2O3, MoO3, CrO3, CeO2 or a mixture thereof, the thickness of the flux being between 30 and 95 μm.

The disclosure relates to a friction brake body for a friction brake of a motor vehicle, in particular a brake disc, wherein the friction brake body comprises a base body made from gray cast iron, and at least one wear resistant layer formed at least in areas on the base body. The wear resistant layer is a laser alloyed or laser dispersed edge layer of the base body and comprises at least one additive.

A method for plating a stainless steel substrate is provided. According to one embodiment, the method comprises sandblasting at least one joint surface of a stainless steel substrate and treating the joint surface of the stainless steel substrate with an aqueous solution (acid bath) which contains sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid. The stainless steel substrate is then rinsed with hydrochloric acid. The method further includes galvanic deposition of a nickel plating on the joining surface of the stainless steel substrate and the subsequent deposition of a tin layer on the nickel-coated joining surface of the stainless steel substrate.

A method of laser processing a coated substrate having a coating later disposed on a transparent workpiece that includes determining an optical characteristic of the coating layer and selecting a beam path for a pulsed laser beam based on the optical characteristic. The beam path is selected a polarization-adjusting beam path and a frequency-adjusting beam path. The method also includes directing the pulsed laser beam down the selected beam path to form a modified pulsed laser beam and directing the modified pulsed laser beam into the transparent workpiece, where the modified pulsed laser beam forms a laser beam focal line that induces absorption in the transparent workpiece to produce a defect in the transparent workpiece. The laser beam focal line includes a wavelength λ, a spot size w.sub.o, and a Rayleigh range Z.sub.R that is greater than

[00001]$F_D\frac{\pi w_o^2}{\lambda },$

where F.sub.D is a dimensionless divergence factor.

Methods, systems, and apparatuses are disclosed for the selective and controlled removal of debris from specific areas of a substrate outer surface without adversely impacting the substrate outer surface, including substrate outer surface coatings, and returning an actual substrate outer surface profile containing affixed debris to a predetermined substrate outer surface profile by comparing a library of predetermined profiles to an actual substrate outer surface profile in real time.

The present invention disclosed a method of producing a three-dimensional porous tissue in-growth structure. The method includes the steps of depositing a first layer of metal powder and scanning the first layer of metal powder with a laser beam to form a portion of a plurality of predetermined unit cells. Depositing at least one additional layer of metal powder onto a previous layer and repeating the step of scanning a laser beam for at least one of the additional layers in order to continuing forming the predetermined unit cells. The method further includes continuing the depositing and scanning steps to form a medical implant.

A method of laser spot welding a workpiece stack-up (10) that includes at least two overlapping steel workpieces (12, 14, 150) is disclosed. The method includes directing a plurality of laser beams (24, 24′, 24″) at the top surface (20) of the workpiece stack-up to create a molten steel weld pool (92) that penetrates into the stack-up. The molten steel weld pool is then grown to penetrate further into the stack-up by increasing an overall combined irradiance of the laser beams while reducing the total projected sectional area (88) of the laser beams at a plane of the top surface of the workpiece stack-up. Increasing the overall combined irradiance of the laser beams may be accomplished by moving the focal points (66, 66′, 66″) of the laser beams closer to the top surface or by reducing the mean angle of incidence (86) of the laser beams so as to reduce the eccentricity of the individual projected sectional areas of the laser beams.

A welded assembly includes a first object, a second object, and an interlayer. The interlayer is an ESD coating deposited on the first object, and the second object is welded to the coating. The second object may be a material that has thermally sensitive properties, such as a shape-memory material. The second weld may also be made by ESD. The interlayer may be made of more than one layer. The layer or layers may be deposited of a material chosen for its compatibility with one, the other, or both of the material of the first object and the material of the second object.