There are provided a method for manufacturing an electrical steel sheet laminated core having reduced core loss and improved strength, and a laminated core produced by the manufacturing method. The method includes: stacking electrical steel sheets to obtain a lamination; and welding an outer surface of the lamination, wherein during the welding, a welding wire having a resistivity of 6.510.sup.7 m or greater, a relative permeability of less than 1.02, and a melting point lower than that of the electrical steel sheets is used as a welding material.

The metal alloy is a possible replacement for/alternative to cupronickel cladding material used on currently-circulating clad coins. In the preferred embodiment, the (steel) metal alloy cladding material comprises 73-77% iron, 22-26% nickel, 0.2-0.5% carbon, and 1-5% manganese. The cladding material has an International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS) conductivity of less than 2%, a permeability of approximately 1.0-1.1, and a hardness value of 50-70 HRC 15 T (Rockwell Hardness). In alternative embodiments, the steel alloy comprises a monolithic coin or a core that may be plated with other metals.

There is provided a welding structure member excellent in corrosion resistance in an environment where high-concentration sulfuric acid condenses, the welding structure member including base material having a chemical composition containing, in mass percent, C0.05%, Si1.0%, Mn2.0%, P0.04%, S0.01%, Ni: 12.0 to 27.0%, Cr: 15.0% or more to less than 20.0%, Cu: more than 3.0% to 8.0% or less, Mo: more than 2.0% to 5.0% or less, Nb1.0%, Ti0.5%, Co0.5%, Sn0.1%, W5.0%, Zr1.0%, Al0.5%, N<0.05%, Ca0.01%, B0.01%, and REM0.01%, with the balance: Fe and unavoidable impurities, and the welding structure member including weld metal having a chemical composition containing, in mass percent, C0.10%, Si0.50%, Mn3.5%, P0.03%, S0.03%, Cu0.50%, Ni: 51.0 to 80.0%, Cr: 14.5 to 23.0%, Mo0.10%, Al0.40%, Ti+Nb+Ta4.90%, Co2.5%, V0.35%, and W4.5%, with the balance: Fe and unavoidable impurities.

A laser welding method according to the present disclosure includes a step in which a third material is interposed between a first material and a second material, which are made of the same type of metal so as to be weldable to one another, and at least one of which is provided with a protruding portion, wherein the third material is difficult to weld to the first material and the second material and has a through-hole portion into which the protruding portion is inserted. The method also includes a step in which, when the third material is interposed between the first material and the second material, a region corresponding to the protruding portion is irradiated with a laser beam from the first material side, and the first material and the second material are welded via the through-hole portion. In the step in which the third material is interposed between the first material and the second material, a first gap is provided between the protruding portion and the inner peripheral face of the through-hole portion, and a second gap corresponding to the plate thickness of the first material is provided between the first material and the second material in the region corresponding to the protruding portion.

The present disclosure provides a welding electrode and methods of manufacturing the same. The welding electrode can include a composite body having a tip portion and an end portion. The composite body can include a shell defining a cavity through the end portion, the shell comprising a first metal that includes one or more of the following: a precipitation hardened copper alloy, copper alloy, and carbon steel. The composite body can also include a core within the shell, the core extending through the shell from the tip portion to the cavity, the core comprising a second metal that includes dispersion strengthened copper. The core and the shell have a metallurgical bond formed from co-extrusion.

A pipe body, wherein the pipe body (10) has a welded portion (11) at both ends of the pipe body, aligned in a widthwise direction of the pipe body (10). The thickness of the welded portion (11) decreases gradually from the inside to the outside of the pipe, and an outer end of the welded portion (11) is located at a center portion of the pipe body (10) in a thickness direction. The configuration of the welding structure enhances the strength of the welded portion of the pipe, so that the pipe will not crack easily when it is reworked by flaring or bending, thus having high reworkability. In addition, a pipe (100) made of the pipe body (10) and a method of making the pipe (100) are disclosed.

Solid-state joining of preformed features, such as bosses, flanges, gaskets, centralizers and other features to substrates or cast parts by a solid-state MELD additive manufacturing process is disclosed. Joining can be between same or different materials using same, similar or dissimilar filler material than the materials of the feature and the part that need to be joined.

An example method for joining metals is described herein. The method can include forming an intermediate joint between a first structural member and a foil member, where the intermediate joint is formed using a solid state welding process. The method can also include forming a primary joint between the first structural member and a second structural member, where the primary joint is formed using a welding process that produces coalescence at a temperature above the melting point of the first structural member or the second structural member.

A refrigerant pipe of a refrigeration apparatus includes: a first pipe, made of stainless steel, through which a refrigerant flows; a joint pipe, made of a material different from stainless steel, disposed on an outer peripheral surface of the first pipe; and a second pipe, having a diameter smaller than a diameter of the first pipe, connected to the outer peripheral surface of the first pipe via the joint pipe. A surface of the second pipe at which the second pipe is connected to the joint pipe is made of a material identical to the material of the joint pipe.

A machine component includes a first region having a first linear expansion coefficient, and a second region having a second linear expansion coefficient greater than the first linear expansion coefficient and joined to the first region. A region including an outer periphery of an interface between the first region and the second region is inclined toward the second region side over the entire periphery. On a surface of the first region, a groove is formed to extend along the outer periphery of the interface.