The invention relates to a method for producing a fiber-plastic composite reference body for simulating delamination for the nondestructive testing of FPC components, in particular aircraft components, comprising the following steps: i. producing a first insert by a. arranging a first FPC layer; b. forming a recess in the first FPC layer; c. procuring the first FPC layer, in order to obtain the first insert; ii. producing a second insert by a. arranging a second FPC layer; b. pre-curing the second FPC layer, in order to obtain the second insert; iii. providing at least one first FPC layer and at least one second FPC layer with a first clearance and a second clearance; iv. inserting the first insert and the second insert into the respective clearance of the corresponding FPC layer; v. curing the arrangement, a delamination being simulated at the recess of the first insert.

A method of forming a part from a blank includes positioning the blank within a forming die. Water is introduced between the blank and the forming die. The water is heated to form steam between the blank and the forming die. The blank is reshaped within the forming die to form the part while the steam is disposed between the blank and the forming die. The steam forms a cushion between the blank and the forming die to reduce friction therebetween. A lubricant is not applied to the blank prior to being positioned in the forming die. Therefore, the formed part does not require a washing step after being formed.

A method of forming a part from a blank includes positioning the blank within a forming die. Water is introduced between the blank and the forming die. The water is heated to form steam between the blank and the forming die. The blank is reshaped within the forming die to form the part while the steam is disposed between the blank and the forming die. The steam forms a cushion between the blank and the forming die to reduce friction therebetween. A lubricant is not applied to the blank prior to being positioned in the forming die. Therefore, the formed part does not require a washing step after being formed.

A compound useful as a release agent, and a release agent, a curable composition, and a nanoimprint lithography resin material each containing the compound are provided. More specifically, a calixarene compound with a molecular structure represented by the following structural formula (1) and a composition containing the calixarene compound are provided.

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 denotes a structural moiety with a perfluoroalkyl group, R.sup.2 denotes a hydrogen atom, a polar group, a polymerizable group, or a structural moiety with a polar group or a polymerizable group, R.sup.3 denotes a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group that may have a substituent, or an aryl group that may have a substituent, n denotes an integer in the range of 2 to 10, and * denotes a bonding point with an aromatic ring.

Embodiments relate to a polymerizable composition comprising a phosphorus-based mold releasing agent for an optical use whose preparation process is improved, and a process for preparing the phosphorus-based mold releasing agent. The phosphorus-based mold releasing agents can be prepared more easily and conveniently by using phosphorous pentoxide, which can easily react with a monoalcohol and/or water at room temperature in the absence of a catalyst or a solvent. In addition, byproducts are not generated during the reaction. Thus, when a lens is produced by using the mold release agent obtained therefrom, it is possible to prevent a defective appearance of the lens that may be caused by byproducts, thereby further enhancing the appearance properties thereof. Further, since separate steps for removing byproducts, specifically, such steps as washing and filtration, are not required, wastewater is not generated. Thus, it is not only environmentally friendly, but the production cost can also be reduced as the process is simple.

Embodiments relate to a polymerizable composition comprising a phosphorus-based mold releasing agent for an optical use whose preparation process is improved, and a process for preparing the phosphorus-based mold releasing agent. The phosphorus-based mold releasing agents can be prepared more easily and conveniently by using phosphorous pentoxide, which can easily react with a monoalcohol and/or water at room temperature in the absence of a catalyst or a solvent. In addition, byproducts are not generated during the reaction. Thus, when a lens is produced by using the mold release agent obtained therefrom, it is possible to prevent a defective appearance of the lens that may be caused by byproducts, thereby further enhancing the appearance properties thereof. Further, since separate steps for removing byproducts, specifically, such steps as washing and filtration, are not required, wastewater is not generated. Thus, it is not only environmentally friendly, but the production cost can also be reduced as the process is simple.

A problem exists of prohibitively high costs associated with molds for small run, legacy, or prototype injection molded parts. Further, the lead time on molds is currently on the order of about two weeks. A mold is provided that is formed from three-dimensional printing. The mold includes a series of air and/or water cooling channels to limit thermal stresses to the mold. Additionally, a series of coatings is added to the surface of a 3D printed mold to extend the lifetime of the mold and increase the performance of the mold. The coatings perform a function other than to define a shape of an injection cavity, such as improving thermal conductivity, providing a thermal barrier between the injection material and the mold body, or improving the detachment of the final mold product from the mold body.

Methods of forming a composite product are presented. A releasable gap filler is applied within a recess of a mold. An uncured composite material is applied directly over the releasable gap filler and onto the mold. The uncured composite material is cured to form a cured composite material on the mold. The cured composite material is removed from the mold and the releasable gap filler.

Methods of forming a composite product are presented. A releasable gap filler is applied within a recess of a mold. An uncured composite material is applied directly over the releasable gap filler and onto the mold. The uncured composite material is cured to form a cured composite material on the mold. The cured composite material is removed from the mold and the releasable gap filler.

In a soundproof member 10 including a polyurethane foam 11 and disposed apart from an engine E on a vehicle interior side of a dash panel 50 partitioning a space into an engine room having the engine E as a sound source and a vehicle interior, the polyurethane foam 11 has a surface layer 12 on at least a part of the surface thereof, a one side surface of the polyurethane foam 11 directly facing the vehicle interior side of the dash panel 50 has at least a surface layer 12A in an open cell state or a core, and a surface layer 12B of the other side surface opposite to the one side surface is a surface layer in a closed cell state.