Methods and devices are provided for manipulating the glymphatic system to improve cognitive and other cranial or brain functions of a subject. In particular, pressure is alternately applied to the jugular veins on either side of the subject's neck to generate a to and fro movement of cranial fluids.

Gas mixture used for ventilation of passengers and crew in emergency situations. Depending on the density altitude, it has 7±5% CO2 at 15,000 ft flying altitude increasing to 17±5% CO2 at 30,000 ft flying altitude. The carbon dioxide improves the bioavailability of oxygen in the body. The gas mixture is produced by additive dosage of CO2 to either pure O2 or to a gas mixture having a fraction of N2 and a fraction of O2. The method for ensuring good ventilation in case of loss of cabin pressure, or generally in case of hyperventilation, involves making the gas mixture above available via respiration masks. The use of such a gas mixture also for ensuring good ventilation of people with limited mobility, if such ventilation is required. The prescribed amount of onboard oxygen for aircraft can thus be reduced and flight routes leading directly over high-altitude terrain may be taken.

Gas mixture used for ventilation of passengers and crew in emergency situations. Depending on the density altitude, it has 7±5% CO.sub.2 at 15,000 ft flying altitude increasing to 17±5% CO.sub.2 at 30,000 ft flying altitude. The carbon dioxide improves the bioavailability of oxygen in the body. The gas mixture is produced by additive dosage of CO.sub.2 to either pure O.sub.2 or to a gas mixture having a fraction of N.sub.2 and a fraction of O.sub.2. The method for ensuring good ventilation in case of loss of cabin pressure, or generally in case of hyperventilation, involves making the gas mixture above available via respiration masks. The use of such a gas mixture also for ensuring good ventilation of people with limited mobility, if such ventilation is required. The prescribed amount of onboard oxygen for aircraft can thus be reduced and flight routes leading directly over high-altitude terrain may be taken.

High flow therapy is used to treat Cheyne-Stokes respiration and other types of periodic respiration disorders by periodic application of high flow therapy, adjustment of high flow therapy flow rates and/or periodic additions of CO2 or O2 into the air flow provided to the patient.

This document provides methods and materials for treating hypocapnia. For example, methods and materials for delivering CO.sub.2 to a mammal to treat hypocapnia or compensate for a reduced level of CO.sub.2 are provided.

A method of measuring a hypoxic session index as a measure of the response of a patient to hypoxic training with measurement of an index that characterizes the oxygen content in the patient’s blood is disclosed. The index is the oxygen saturation and/or the partial pressure of oxygen. The patient is first supplied with a normoxic gas mixture and then supplied with a hypoxic gas mixture. Subsequently, the patient receives a normoxic or hyperoxic gas mixture in a reoxygenation phase. The reoxygenation phase extends from the juncture from which the patient is supplied with the normoxic or hyperoxic gas mixture, over a defined hyperoxic period, wherein the index attains a hyperoxic reference value of the index, and over a subsequent predetermined concluding period. Differences between a data curve having the measurements of the index plotted against the respective measurement time and a predetermined reference curve ascertain the hypoxic session index.

A breathing device having an elongated body which may be cylindrical in shape. The body can be hollow so as to form the general shape of a tube. The tube has an opening and an exit. The user may interact with the device by placing their mouth in communication with the opening so that the user may exhale through their mouth into and through the hollow body of the device. The exit can comprise a connective part which may be configured to be coupled to one or more objects such as clothing, strings, necklaces and chains, bracelets, headbands and hair accessories, and the like.

A breathing control device formed from a regulator having a stem opening and aperture opening. The regulator having a mouthpiece for inhaling and exhaling into a diverter bag coupled to the regulator. The stem opening and aperture opening available to control the amount of ambient air drawn into regulator to regulate the ratio of carbon dioxide to oxygen level drawn from the diverter bag to assist in treating panic and anxiety attacks associated with hyperventilation and migraines. The diverter bag retaining the exhaled breath expelled by the individual for reuse, the aperture opening can be capped to limit all ambient air through the stem opening. The diverter bag becomes a visual focus as exhaled breathing causes the bag to unfold with thought provoking indicia.

A normobaric hypoxia trainer including a training chamber, an intake fan for allowing ground level air to be introduced into the training chamber; an exhaust fan for removing air from the training chamber; a plurality of circulation fans for mixing interior air of the training chamber to create a uniform oxygen concentration within the training chamber; a nitrogen generation system, the nitrogen generating system including a plurality of polysulphone membrane cartridges for separating out nitrogen from air; a compressor for supplying compressed air to the nitrogen generation system; a pressure regulator for regulating the pressure of the compressed air; a heater for controlling temperature of the compressed air, the heated pressure regulated compressed air passing through the polysulphone membrane cartridges such that nitrogen can be separated out from the air; and, a flow controller for controlling flow rate of the separated nitrogen into the training chamber.

The present invention provides methods and systems for a breathing system, comprising breathing apparatus having a rigid base structure having a top portion, a bottom portion, an internal surface, and an external surface, wherein the top portion contains an arcuate section for covering a user's nose and the bottom portion is wider than the top portion for covering a user's mouth, the base structure contains an outer edge. A facepiece is engaged to the outer edge of the base structure and surrounds the base structure. A side passageway is disposed on a side of the base structure and is surrounded by a rim on the external surface of the base structure that extends outwardly from the external surface. A hose attachment device is selectively secured to the rim. The system also includes a storage device, and an oxygen supply.